Table 1.

Summary of technological approaches and characteristics of representative GOC models.

GOC Model	Device Material	Configuration	Membrane Properties	Intestinal Cell Type	Microbes Co-Culture	Shear Stress	Cyclic Strain	Oxygen Gradient
HuMiX [34]	Polycarbonate (PC)	3 co-laminar channels (stacked)	Microporous membrane pore diameter = 1 µm Nanoporous membrane pore diameter = 50 nm	Caco-2	Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG (LGG)	Yes	No	Yes
Organ-on-Chip with TEER [35]	PC/PDMS	2 layered channels	Pore size = 10 µm	Caco-2	-	Yes	No	No
Intestine Chips [36]	PDMS	2 layered channels	Pore size = 10 µm	Caco-2	B. fragilis & for microbiota co-culture, colon and cecum content from five mice colonised with healthy human microbiota (Hmb)	Yes	Yes	Yes
GOC model [32]	PDMS	2 layered channels	Pore size = 10 µm	Caco-2	Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG(LGG)	Yes	Yes	No
Peristaltic Human Gut-Vessel Microsystem [37]	PDMS	3 layered channels	Pore size = 10 µm	Caco-2	Escherichia coli	Yes	Yes	No
Thiol-ene microchip [38]	PDMS	2 layered channels	PTFE pore size = 0.4 μm	Caco-2	-	Yes	No	No