Table 3.

Effect of dynamic fluid flow on different GOC models and respective cell lines.

GOC Model	Flow Rate:	Outcome:
HuMiX [34]	Flow rate: 25 µL min −1 (Shear rate not reported)	Caco-2 cell growth and differentiation Allowed for constant monitoring of the effects of the co-culture on the individual co-cultured cell contingents.
Organ-on-Chip with TEER [35]	Shear rate: 1 dyne/cm2 (equivalent to 60 µL h−1)	Caco-2 cells differentiation Spontaneous villi-formation
Intestine Chips [36]	Flow rate: 60 µL h−1 (Shear rate not reported) Cyclic strain: 10% cell strain; 0.15 Hz frequency	Caco-2 cell growth, differentiation, and polarisation Spontaneous villi-formation Mucus production and established barrier function.
Intestine Chip [79]	Flow rate: 60 µL h−1 (Shear rate not reported) Cyclic strain: 10% cell strain; 0.2 Hz frequency	Epithelial cell growth and differentiation Well-defined intestinal folds. Confluent monolayers with well-developed tight junctions and barrier functions
GOC model [32]	Shear stress: 0.02 dyne cm2 (equivalent to flow rate of 30 μL h−1) Cyclic strain: 10% cell strain; 0.15 Hz frequency	Epithelial cell differentiation. Spontaneous villi-formation
Peristaltic Human Gut-Vessel Microsystem [37]	Shear stress: 0.04 dyne/cm2 (equivalent to flow rate of 60 μL h−1) Cyclic strain: 15% cell strain, 0.15 Hz frequency	Caco-2 cell growth, differentiation, and polarisation Spontaneous villi-formation Confluent monolayers with well-developed tight junctions and barrier functions Increase in the secretion of glycocalyx
Thiol-ene microchip [38]	Shear stress: 0.008 dyne/cm2 (equivalent to flow rate of 3 μL/min)	Caco-2 cell growth, differentiation, and polarisation Spontaneous villi-formation Confluent monolayers with well-developed tight junctions and barrier functions