| PD | Parkinson’s disease |
| SNpc | substantia nigra pars compacta |
| PFC | prefrontal cortex |
| LCD | Licochalcone D |
| iPSCs | induced pluripotent stem cells |
| pNSCs | primitive neural stem cells |
| LRRK2 | leucine-rich repeat kinase 2 |
| Lk2GS | LRRK2 G2019S |
| ROS | reactive oxygen species |
| PAX6 | paired box 6 |
| SOX2 | SRY-box transcription factor 2 |
| NES | Nestin |
| cCASP3 | cleaved caspase-3 |
| MAPK | mitogen-activated protein kinase |
| EGFR | epidermal growth factor receptor |
| AKT | serine/thereonine protein kinase B |
| JNK | c-Jun NH(2)-terminal kinases |
| PARP | poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase |
| PI3K | phosphoinositide 3-kinase |
| mTOR | mechanistic target of rapamycin |
| BBB | blood–brain barrier |
Official websites use .gov
A
.gov website belongs to an official
government organization in the United States.
Secure .gov websites use HTTPS
A lock (
) or https:// means you've safely
connected to the .gov website. Share sensitive
information only on official, secure websites.