Table 2. Neurological, Sensory, and Developmental Outcomes at 18 to 26 Months’ Corrected Age.
| Outcomes | Infants with LOM, No./total No. (%) (n = 151) | Infants with LOS and no LOM, No./total No. (%) (n = 4153) | Infants with no LOS or LOM, No./total No. (%) (n = 7719) | P valuea |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| NDI or death | 91/146 (62) | 2436/4043 (60) | 3584/7499 (48) | <.001 |
| Deathb | 51/151 (34) | 1227/4153 (30) | 1667/7719 (22) | <.001 |
| NDI | 40/95 (42) | 1209/2816 (43) | 1917/5832 (33) | <.001 |
| BSID-II mental development index, median (IQR)c | 73.0 (49.0-79.0) | 76.0 (59.0-87.0) | 80.0 (64.0-92.0) | <.001 |
| Bayley-III composite scores, median (IQR)d | ||||
| Motor | 85.0 (74.5-95.5) | 85.0 (73.0-97.0) | 88.0 (79.0-97.0) | <.001 |
| Cognitive | 90.0 (75.0-95.0) | 85.0 (75.0-95.0) | 90.0 (80.0-100.0) | <.001 |
| Language | 83.0 (68.0-94.0) | 79.0 (68.0-91.0) | 86.0 (74.0-94.0) | <.001 |
| Neurological examination | ||||
| Abnormal examination | 43/97 (44) | 1198/2893 (41) | 2147/5980 (36) | <.001 |
| Any cerebral palsy | 23/97 (24) | 487/2892 (17) | 760/5982 (13) | <.001 |
| Moderate to severe cerebral palsy | 14/97 (14) | 245/2891 (8) | 308/5982 (5) | <.001 |
| Gross motor function level ≥2 | 13/97 (13) | 314/2887 (11) | 395/5981 (7) | <.001 |
| Bilateral hearing impairment | 8/96 (8) | 148/2880 (5) | 159/5940 (3) | <.001 |
| Eye examination | ||||
| Normal visual acuity | 74/97 (76) | 2352/2893 (81) | 5334/5982 (89) | <.001 |
| Wears or prescribed corrective lenses | 15/97 (15) | 340/2893 (12) | 461/5982 (8) | |
| Other vision abnormality | 4/97 (4) | 106/2893 (4) | 125/5982 (2) | |
| Blind with some or no useful vision | 4/97 (4) | 95/2893 (3) | 62/5982 (1) |
Abbreviations: Bayley-III, Bayley Scales of Infant and Toddler Development, third edition; BSID-II, Bayley Scales of Infant and Toddler Development, second edition; LOM, late-onset meningitis; LOS, late-onset sepsis; NDI, neurodevelopmental impairment.
P values were calculated from χ2 tests for categorical variables and Kruskal-Wallis tests for continuous variables.
For infants with LOS (either with or without LOM), 553 of 4713 (12%) died within 7 days of LOS diagnosis.
BSID-II scores were available for 23 children in the LOM cohort, 754 in the LOS without LOM cohort, and 921 in the no LOS or LOM cohort.
Bayley-III motor scores were available for 48 children in the LOM cohort, 1553 in the LOS without LOM cohort, and 4130 in the no LOS or LOM cohort; cognitive scores were available for 72 children in the LOM cohort, 2041 in the LOS without LOM cohort, and 4920 in the no LOS or LOM cohort; and language scores were available for 73 children in the LOM cohort, 1996 in the LOS without LOM cohort, and 4816 in the no LOS or LOM cohort.