Table 1. Characteristics of Respondents and Children.
| Characteristic | Participants, No. (%) | ||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Province | National (n = 5294) | ||||||||||
| Beijing (n = 551) | Chongqing (n = 567) | Gansu (n = 390) | Guangdong (n = 511) | Henan (n = 516) | Jiangxi (n = 554) | Jilin (n = 613) | Shandong (n = 522) | Shanghai (n = 525) | Yunnan (n = 545) | ||
| Children | |||||||||||
| Age, mo | |||||||||||
| 6-11 | 134 (24.3) | 175 (30.9) | 116 (29.7) | 132 (25.8) | 147 (28.5) | 162 (29.2) | 174 (28.4) | 140 (26.8) | 146 (27.8) | 113 (20.7) | 1439 (27.2) |
| 12-23 | 197 (35.8) | 156 (27.5) | 95 (24.4) | 148 (29.0) | 140 (27.1) | 166 (30.0) | 210 (34.3) | 157 (30.1) | 126 (24.0) | 152 (27.9) | 1547 (29.2) |
| 24-35 | 112 (20.3) | 95 (16.8) | 86 (22.1) | 85 (16.6) | 80 (15.5) | 96 (17.3) | 87 (14.2) | 121 (23.2) | 96 (18.3) | 123 (22.6) | 981 (18.5) |
| 36-59 | 108 (19.6) | 141 (24.9) | 93 (23.9) | 146 (28.6) | 149 (28.9) | 130 (23.5) | 142 (23.2) | 104 (19.9) | 157 (29.9) | 157 (28.8) | 1327 (25.1) |
| Sex | |||||||||||
| Boys | 294 (53.4) | 294 (51.9) | 200 (51.3) | 280 (54.8) | 275 (53.3) | 281 (50.7) | 319 (52.0) | 264 (50.6) | 284 (54.1) | 305 (55.0) | 2796 (52.8) |
| Girls | 257 (46.6) | 273 (48.1) | 190 (48.7) | 231 (45.2) | 241 (46.7) | 273 (49.3) | 294 (48.0) | 258 (49.4) | 241 (45.9) | 240 (44.0) | 2498 (47.2) |
| Respondents | |||||||||||
| Age, y | |||||||||||
| <30 | 117 (21.2) | 203 (35.8) | 115 (29.5) | 177 (34.6) | 198 (38.4) | 152 (27.4) | 200 (32.6) | 117 (22.4) | 141 (26.9) | 217 (39.8) | 1637 (30.9) |
| 30-39 | 318 (57.7) | 170 (30.0) | 165 (42.3) | 233 (45.6) | 236 (45.7) | 243 (43.9) | 303 (49.4) | 293 (56.1) | 279 (53.1) | 217 (39.8) | 2457 (46.4) |
| 40-49 | 38 (6.9) | 70 (12.4) | 28 (7.2) | 46 (9.0) | 21 (4.1) | 47 (8.5) | 47 (7.7) | 65 (12.5) | 41 (7.8) | 55 (10.1) | 458 (8.7) |
| ≥50 | 78 (14.2) | 124 (21.9) | 82 (21.0) | 55 (10.8) | 61 (11.8) | 112 (20.2) | 63 (10.3) | 47 (9.0) | 64 (12.2) | 56 (10.3) | 742 (14.0) |
| Family relationship to child | |||||||||||
| Mother | 349 (63.3) | 337 (59.4) | 235 (60.3) | 362 (70.8) | 366 (70.9) | 350 (63.2) | 399 (65.1) | 402 (77.0) | 354 (67.4) | 380 (69.7) | 3534 (66.8) |
| Father | 117 (21.2) | 74 (13.1) | 61 (15.6) | 91 (17.8) | 83 (16.1) | 75 (13.5) | 138 (22.5) | 72 (13.8) | 98 (18.7) | 98 (18.0) | 907 (17.1) |
| Grandparent | 85 (15.4) | 156 (27.5) | 94 (24.1) | 58 (11.4) | 67 (13.0) | 129 (23.3) | 76 (12.4) | 48 (9.2) | 73 (13.9) | 67 (12.3) | 853 (16.1) |
| Education level | |||||||||||
| ≤Elementary school | 15 (2.7) | 122 (21.5) | 58 (14.9) | 43 (8.4) | 39 (7.6) | 81 (14.6) | 46 (7.5) | 11 (2.1) | 12 (2.3) | 94 (17.3) | 521 (9.8) |
| Junior high school | 73 (13.3) | 143 (25.2) | 106 (27.2) | 176 (34.4) | 135 (26.2) | 155 (28) | 195 (31.8) | 109 (20.9) | 96 (18.3) | 167 (30.6) | 1355 (25.6) |
| High school or vocational school | 132 (23.9) | 132 (23.3) | 85 (21.8) | 121 (23.7) | 125 (24.2) | 109 (19.7) | 126 (20.6) | 151 (28.9) | 94 (17.9) | 119 (21.8) | 1194 (22.6) |
| Associate degree (2 y) | 116 (21.1) | 85 (15.0) | 71 (18.2) | 85 (16.6) | 92 (17.8) | 90 (16.3) | 115 (18.8) | 139 (26.6) | 122 (23.2) | 82 (15.1) | 997 (18.8) |
| ≥Bachelor’s degree | 215 (39.0) | 85 (15.0) | 70 (18.0) | 86 (16.8) | 125 (24.2) | 119 (21.5) | 131 (21.4) | 112 (21.5) | 201 (38.3) | 83 (15.2) | 1227 (23.2) |
| Place of residence | |||||||||||
| Rural | 233 (42.3) | 180 (31.8) | 245 (62.8) | 160 (31.3) | 279 (54.1) | 279 (50.4) | 175 (28.6) | 141 (27.0) | 138 (26.3) | 309 (56.7) | 2139 (40.4) |
| Urban | 318 (57.7) | 387 (68.3) | 145 (37.2) | 351 (68.7) | 237 (45.9) | 275 (49.6) | 438 (71.5) | 381 (73.0) | 387 (73.7) | 236 (43.3) | 3155 (59.6) |
| Quantile of monthly family income/mo/capitaa | |||||||||||
| 1 (<¥1000) | 54 (9.8) | 183 (32.3) | 143 (36.7) | 112 (21.9) | 124 (24.0) | 85 (15.3) | 160 (26.1) | 67 (12.8) | 13 (2.5) | 211 (38.7) | 1152 (21.8) |
| 2 (¥1001-¥1600) | 49 (8.9) | 88 (15.5) | 98 (25.1) | 94 (18.4) | 110 (21.3) | 105 (19.0) | 110 (17.9) | 109 (20.9) | 34 (6.5) | 103 (18.9) | 900 (17.0) |
| 3 (¥1601-¥2400) | 88 (16.0) | 91 (16.1) | 78 (20.0) | 115 (22.5) | 111 (21.5) | 130 (23.5) | 157 (25.6) | 151 (28.9) | 53 (10.1) | 89 (16.3) | 1063 (20.1) |
| 4 (¥2401-¥3750) | 147 (26.7) | 118 (20.8) | 54 (13.9) | 96 (18.8) | 108 (20.9) | 133 (24.0) | 116 (18.9) | 143 (27.4) | 137 (26.1) | 80 (14.7) | 1132 (21.4) |
| 5 (>¥3751) | 213 (38.7) | 87 (15.3) | 17 (4.4) | 94 (18.4) | 63 (12.2) | 101 (18.2) | 70 (11.4) | 52 (10.0) | 288 (54.9) | 62 (11.4) | 1047 (19.8) |
| Medical insurance typea | |||||||||||
| Urban rural resident medical insurance | 205 (37.2) | 387 (68.3) | 304 (78.0) | 309 (60.5) | 354 (68.6) | 381 (68.8) | 414 (67.5) | 290 (55.6) | 195 (37.1) | 395 (72.5) | 3234 (61.1) |
| Urban employee-based medical insurance | 315 (57.2) | 161 (28.4) | 84 (21.5) | 178 (34.8) | 145 (28.1) | 165 (29.8) | 163 (26.6) | 219 (42.0) | 315 (60.0) | 140 (25.7) | 1885 (35.6) |
| None | 31 (5.6) | 19 (3.4) | 2 (0.5) | 24 (4.7) | 17 (3.3) | 8 (1.4) | 36 (5.9) | 13 (2.5) | 15 (2.9) | 10 (1.8) | 175 (3.3) |
a
¥1 = $0.145 in 2019.