Table 2.
GRADEa summary of findings for all outcomes.
| Outcomes | Effect estimate (95% CI) | Studies, n | Participants, n | I2 (%) | Quality of evidence (reasons for downgrading) |
| Stress | –0.41 (–0.59 to –0.23) | 5 | 690 | 39 | ⊕⊕bLow (inconsistency; publication bias) |
| Anxiety | –0.29 (–0.50 to –0.09) | 4 | 617 | 37 | ⊕⊕⊕cModerate (inconsistency) |
| Depression | –0.14 (–0.30 to 0.03) | 5 | 556 | 72 | ⊕⊕Low (inconsistency; publication bias) |
| Well-being | 0.30 (0.11 to 0.50) | 4 | 400 | 25 | ⊕⊕Low (inconsistency; publication bias) |
| Mindfulness | 2.66 (0.77 to 4.55) | 4 | 348 | 88 | ⊕⊕⊕Moderate (publication bias) |
| Resilience | –0.06 (–0.26 to 0.15) | 3 | 302 | 12 | ⊕⊕Low (inconsistency; publication bias) |
aGRADE: Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development, and Evaluation.
b⊕⊕ means there are 2 reasons for downgrading.
c⊕⊕⊕ means there are 3 reasons for downgrading.