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. 2023 Jan 9;15(2):428. doi: 10.3390/cancers15020428

Figure 2.

Figure 2

Non-canonical pathway of miRNA biogenesis: (A) The pathway independent of DROSHA. The first group of DROSHA-independent cleavage is mirtrons. They are generated by splicing and then by debranching enzyme 1 (DBR1) performing the lariat-debranching process. The next group is snoRNAs which are recognized by DICER. The third one is products of transcription occurring with the use of RNA Polymerase II (Pol II), which are then used by DICER. The last example is the tRNA. The misfolding resulting from the loss of RNA chaperone La leads to a form that can be used by DICER. (B) The pathway independent of DICER—miRNA-451. One example of a DROSHA-independent molecule is miRNA-451. Following the cleaving process involving DROSHA and DiGeorge Syndrome Critical Region 8 (DGCR8), the molecule is loaded into the Argonaute protein 2 (AGO2). This is followed by the treatment by polyA-specific ribonuclease (PARN) and the formation of polyA-specific ribonuclease (miRISC).