Table 1.
The characteristics of selected miRNAs in childhood BCP-ALL.
| Locus on Chromosome | microRNA | Expression in BCP-ALL | Target of miRNA | Function mRNA of miRNA/Target | Ref. |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 12p13 | miRNA-200c | downregulation |
ABCA2, ABCA3 EMT/MET |
inhibition of tumor metastases, involved in leukemogenesis (?) multidrug resistance |
[3,38,42,44,100] |
| 11q1 | miRNA-326 | downregulation | ABCA2, ABCA3 | inhibition of invasion and metastasis, multidrug resistance chemoresistance |
[3,43,44,101] |
| 1q32.1 * 9q33.3 ** |
miRNA-181a | downregulation |
Smad7 ↑ ETV6::RUNX1 |
increase in proliferation and decrease in apoptosis | [59,60] |
| upregulation |
TLR4, TLR8
IRF8, IL6R |
inhibition of innate immunity and inflammation | [3] | ||
| 11q24.1 | miRNA-100 | downregulation |
FKBP51 ↑ the antiapoptotic gene MCL1 ↑ |
regulation of cell proliferation and dexamethasone-induced apoptosis | [45,46,47,102] |
| upregulation |
IGF1R/mTOR (MCL1 ↓) |
cell proliferation, differentiation, and survival stimulation; rapamycin-mediated enhancement of dexamethasone-induced apoptosis |
|||
| 21q21.3 | miRNA-155 | upregulation |
SHIP1 Mxd1/Mad1 (BCL6↓) HDAC4 SMAD5 |
promotes B cell proliferation, carcinogen, inhibits the proliferation of human hematopoietic progenitor cells by signaling TGF-β pathway, chemoresistance |
[3,66,67,103] |
| 21q21.1 | miRNA-125b | upregulation |
PPP1CA, BTG2, PTEN ↓ P53, Bak1, Bmf transcript ↓ |
increase in proliferation and decrease in apoptosis, oncogene |
[3] |
| 5q33.3 | miRNA-146a | upregulation | N-RAS, RAS, AMPK-alpha, PBX2, ErbB4, TRAF6, LIN28, NUMB, CNTFR | increased proliferation, influenced maturation of B lymphocytes, inhibited apoptosis | [85,88,89] |
* miRNA-181a1 (cluster with miRNA-181b1). ** miRNA-181a2 (cluster with miRNA-181b2).