Table 2.
KEGG pathway analysis and overlap of DNA methylation and mRNA expression data.
| Pathways that Overlapped | Fold-Enrichment (DNA Meth., mRNA) |
% Genes Affected in Pathway (DNA Meth., mRNA) |
Pathway p-Values (DNA Meth., mRNA) |
|---|---|---|---|
| 3 h post-exercise DNA meth. and mRNA * | |||
| TNF signaling pathway | 6.9, 2.4 | 97.3, 1.5 | 0.001, 2.9 × 10−9 |
| MAPK signaling pathway | 12.6, 1.6 | 96.3, 2.7 | 3.3 × 10−6, 3.4 × 10−6 |
| HIF-1 signaling pathway | 5.3, 2.0 | 96.3, 1.2 | 0.005, 2.4 × 10−5 |
| FOXO signaling pathway | 4.7, 1.9 | 95.4, 1.9 | 0.007, 6.6 × 10−5 |
| TGF-beta signaling pathway | 8.6, 2.0 | 98.9, 1.0 | 0.0002, 8.9 × 10−5 |
| Other KEGG pathways that overlapped at 3 h post-exercise (n = 9 additional): Apoptosis, Chemokine signaling pathway, PI3K-Akt signaling pathway, Rap1 signaling pathway, Focal adhesion, Leukocyte transendothelial migration, Hippo signaling pathway, Insulin signaling pathway, C-type lectin receptor signaling pathway | |||
| 6 h post-exercise DNA meth. and mRNA † | |||
| MAPK signaling pathway | 17.9, 1.9 | 40.1, 2.8 | 1.7 × 10−8, 5.1 × 10−6 |
| PI3K-Akt signaling pathway | 7.1, 1.5 | 33.0, 2.7 | 0.0008, 0.0004 |
| Focal Adhesion | 25.0, 1.6 | 47.5, 1.7 | 1.4 × 10−11, 0.006 |
| Wnt signaling pathway | 8.2, 1.6 | 38.1, 1.6 | 0.0002, 0.001 |
| 3 h post-exercise DNA meth. and 6 h mRNA * | |||
| MAPK signaling pathway | 12.6, 1.9 | 96.3, 2.8 | 3.3 × 10−6, 5.1 × 10−6 |
| Autophagy | 7.7, 2.1 | 97.1, 1.5 | 0.004, 1.1 × 10−4 |
| TNF signaling pathway | 6.9, 2.2 | 97.3, 1.3 | 0.001, 1.8 × 10−4 |
| HIF-1 signaling pathway | 5.3, 2.2 | 96.3, 1.2 | 0.005, 3.0 × 10−4 |
| Th17 cell differentiation | 6.3, 2.0 | 97.2, 1.1 | 0.0017, 0.0016 |
| Other KEGG pathways that overlapped using 3 h post-exercise DNA methylation and 6 h post-exercise mRNA data (n = 8 additional): Apoptosis, FoxO signaling pathway, TGF-beta signaling pathway, Insulin signaling pathway, PI3K-Akt signaling pathway, Adipocytokine signaling pathway, Focal Adhesion, Wnt signaling pathway | |||
Legend: These data were derived from entering gene lists into the KEGG pathway analysis queue, and gene lists were derived from genes that showed significant (p < 0.01) time effects for DNA methylation (DNA meth.) and mRNA expression changes from pre-exercise to 3 h and 6 h following exercise regardless of bout (i.e., those showing significant time effects). Symbols: *, indicates these lists were sorted by lowest p-value according to mRNA bioinformatics; †, indicates only 4 pathways overlapped at the 6 h post-exercise time point.