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. 2023 Jan 6;15(2):375. doi: 10.3390/cancers15020375

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© 2023 by the authors.

Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).

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Immune-related adverse effects and corresponding possible biomarkers. Primary adrenal insufficiency and primary hypoparathyroidism have also been described following ICI treatment, but no biomarkers are available yet. HLA: human leukocyte antigen; Anti-GNAL abs: anti-guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(olf) subunit alpha antibodies; anti-ITM2B abs: anti-integral membrane protein 2B antibodies; TSH: stimulating thyroid hormone; TSHi: thyroid stimulating hormone index; sTSHi: standardized thyroid-stimulating hormone index; fT4: free T4; Tg Abs: thyroglobulin antibodies; TPO abs: thyroid peroxidase antibodies; IL: interleukin; G-CSF: granulocyte colony-stimulating factor; MCP-1: monocyte chemoattractant protein 1. (This figure was created based on the tools provided by Biorender.com, accessed on 7 November 2022).