Table 1. Baseline Participant Characteristics by Study Group.
| Characteristic | Participants, No. (%) (N = 1487)a | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Group A (n = 371) | Group B (n = 370) | Group C (n = 374) | Group D (n = 372) | |
| Age group, y | ||||
| 19-34 | 109 (29.4) | 98 (26.5) | 127 (34.0) | 110 (29.6) |
| 35-54 | 129 (34.8) | 132 (35.7) | 130 (34.8) | 117 (31.5) |
| ≥55 | 133 (35.9) | 140 (37.8) | 117 (31.3) | 145 (39.0) |
| Sex | ||||
| Female | 259 (69.8) | 281 (76.0) | 270 (72.2) | 291 (78.2) |
| Male | 112 (30.2) | 89 (24.1) | 104 (27.8) | 81 (21.8) |
| Race | ||||
| African American or Black | 49 (13.2) | 49 (13.2) | 47 (12.6) | 44 (11.8) |
| White | 299 (80.6) | 298 (80.5) | 294 (78.6) | 300 (80.7) |
| Otherb | 23 (6.2) | 23 (6.2) | 33 (8.8) | 28 (7.5) |
| Ethnicity | ||||
| Total with data, No. | 354 | 349 | 347 | 347 |
| Hispanic or Latino | 22 (6.2) | 22 (6.3) | 27 (7.8) | 35 (10.1) |
| Not Hispanic or Latino | 332 (93.8) | 327 (93.7) | 320 (92.2) | 312 (89.9) |
| Education level | ||||
| Total with data, No. | 245 | 257 | 246 | 239 |
| ≤High school | 73 (29.8) | 69 (26.9) | 95 (38.6) | 62 (25.9) |
| Some college or technical school | 108 (44.1) | 111 (43.2) | 98 (39.8) | 109 (45.6) |
| College graduate | 64 (26.1) | 77 (30.0) | 53 (22.0) | 68 (28.0) |
| Difficulty paying for medical care | ||||
| Total with data, No. | 246 | 257 | 249 | 239 |
| Very hard or hard | 90 (36.6) | 83 (32.3) | 82 (32.9) | 75 (31.4) |
| Somewhat hard | 77 (31.3) | 86 (33.5) | 88 (35.3) | 99 (41.4) |
| Not very hard | 79 (32.1) | 88 (34.2) | 79 (31.7) | 65 (27.2) |
| Readiness to quit smoking | ||||
| Total with data, No. | 368 | 365 | 372 | 371 |
| I am not thinking about quitting | 17 (4.6) | 10 (2.7) | 17 (4.6) | 18 (4.9) |
| I am thinking of quitting, or I have set a quit date | 303 (82.3) | 299 (81.9) | 294 (79.0) | 286 (77.1) |
| I quit today or have already quit | 49 (13.0) | 56 (15.3) | 61 (16.4) | 67 (18.1) |
| Cigarettes smoked, No./dc | ||||
| 0-5 | 53 (14.3) | 39 (10.5) | 55 (14.8) | 48 (12.9) |
| 6-20 | 253 (68.2) | 248 (67.0) | 246 (66.0) | 238 (64.0) |
| ≥21 | 65 (17.5) | 83 (22.4) | 72 (19.3) | 86 (23.1) |
a
Group A was the fully enhanced group, exposed to the machine learning recommender computer-tailored motivational texting intervention (ML recommender) and viral peer-recruitment tool kit (viral tool kit). Group B was exposed to the ML recommender with no viral tool kit. Group C was exposed to the standard motivational texting intervention (standard messaging) with viral tool kit. Group D was exposed to standard messaging with no viral tool kit.
b
American Indian or Alaska Native, Asian, and Native Hawaiian or other Pacific Islander individuals were combined as other race due to low sample sizes.
c
Maximum number of baseline cigarettes per day was set at 75 cigarettes given that there were 3 outliers reporting more than 100 cigarettes/d.