Table 2. ASQ Outcomes at Preinjury and 12, 24, and 36 Months Postinjurya.
| ASQ outcome | Mean score | Change over time, mean (95% CI) score | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Preinjury (n = 168) | 12 mo (n = 160) | 24 mo (n = 142) | 36 mo (n = 134) | Preinjury to 12 mo (n = 160) | Preinjury to 24 mo (n = 142) | Preinjury to 36 mo (n = 134) | 12-36 mo Postinjury (n = 133) | |
| Communication | ||||||||
| Mild TBI | 48.8 | 48.6 | 53.7 | 53.5 | –1.1 (–5.5 to 3.3) | 4.5 (0.9 to 8.1) | 5.4 (0.1 to 10.6) | 5.8 (2.5 to 9.0) |
| cMild/moderate TBI | 44.4 | 43.4 | 52.9 | 51.7 | –0.3 (–4.9 to 4.3) | 9.6 (5.1 to 14.2) | 8.2 (3.4 to 13) | 9.1 (4.3 to 13.9) |
| Severe TBI | 41.0 | 31.5 | 41.5 | 37.0 | –8.5 (–19.1 to 2.1) | –3.5 (–16.1 to 9.2) | –6.3 (–20.4 to 7.8) | 5.3 (–5.1 to 15.7) |
| Orthopedic injury | 47.5 | 48.9 | 54.3 | 55.8 | 1.0 (–4.7 to 6.7) | 6.8 (3.1 to 10.5) | 9.2 (4.2 to 14.2) | 5.2 (1.2 to 9.2) |
| Gross motor | ||||||||
| Mild TBI | 51.4 | 55.0 | 54.8 | 55.6 | 3.8 (0.2 to 7.3) | 3.3 (–0.8 to 7.4) | 3.7 (–0.3 to 7.7) | 1.3 (–1.4 to 4.0) |
| cMild/moderate TBI | 49.2 | 53.6 | 54.5 | 53.1 | 5.0 (1.7 to 8.3) | 6.2 (3 to 9.5) | 5.1 (1.8 to 8.4) | –0.1 (–2.5 to 2.2) |
| Severe TBI | 43.8 | 32.1 | 39.2 | 34.7 | –10.9 (–19.2 to –2.6) | –5 (–18.6 to 8.6) | –9.0 (–20.5 to 2.5) | 4.9 (–4.6 to 14.3) |
| Orthopedic injury | 51.1 | 53.8 | 54.2 | 56.3 | 2.8 (–0.9 to 6.6) | 2.5 (–1.9 to 6.9) | 4.0 (–0.6 to 8.7) | 2.1 (–0.8 to 4.9) |
| Fine Motor | ||||||||
| Mild TBI | 47.2 | 45.6 | 38.8 | 44.6 | –1.9 (–6.7 to 3) | –7.7 (–14.2 to –1.2) | –1.5 (–8.4 to 5.4) | –0.5 (–6.6 to 5.5) |
| cMild/moderate TBI | 46.7 | 46.4 | 39.5 | 47.8 | 0.3 (–4.8 to 5.4) | –6.1 (–12.3 to 0.2) | 2.2 (–3.9 to 8.4) | 3.1 (–2.9 to 9.0) |
| Severe TBI | 40.2 | 31.0 | 33.1 | 31.5 | –9.3 (–19.2 to 0.7) | –5.4 (–19 to 8.2) | –9.5 (–21.3 to 2.3) | 1.8 (–5.4 to 9.1) |
| Orthopedic injury | 47.4 | 40.1 | 46.5 | 50.4 | –7.8 (–13.5 to –2.2) | –1.7 (–5.2 to 1.9) | 2.2 (–2.8 to 7.3) | 11.0 (3.3 to 18.7) |
| Problem solving | ||||||||
| Mild TBI | 49.2 | 48.2 | 50.7 | 53.5 | –0.8 (–4.4 to 2.8) | 1.3 (–3.1 to 5.8) | 5.0 (0.2 to 9.8) | 6.2 (2.4 to 10.0) |
| cMild/moderate TBI | 46.5 | 46.4 | 52.5 | 53.3 | 0.4 (–4.8 to 5.6) | 7.1 (3 to 11.2) | 7.7 (3.1 to 12.4) | 8.3 (3.5 to 13.1) |
| Severe TBI | 36.0 | 32.0 | 41.9 | 40.7 | –3.5 (–11.9 to 4.9) | 5.0 (–9.2 to 19.2) | 1.3 (–11.3 to 14) | 8.7 (–0.6 to 17.9) |
| Orthopedic injury | 48.0 | 49.7 | 53.2 | 55.9 | 1.1 (–3.1 to 5.3) | 4.7 (0.5 to 8.8) | 8 (4.5 to 11.5) | 5.3 (2.0 to 8.6) |
| Personal social | ||||||||
| Mild TBI | 48.2 | 51.2 | 53.0 | 53.2 | 3.0 (–0.9 to 6.9) | 5.0 (1.1 to 8.9) | 5.8 (1.4 to 10.1) | 2.5 (0.1 to 4.9) |
| cMild/moderate TBI | 46.4 | 49.4 | 51.6 | 51.5 | 3.6 (–0.6 to 7.9) | 6.4 (1.8 to 11.1) | 7 (2.7 to 11.4) | 3.0 (0.0 to 5.9) |
| Severe TBI | 46.1 | 34.0 | 39.2 | 39.7 | –11.4 (–20.9 to –1.9) | –7.7 (–24 to 8.6) | –7.5 (–20.3 to 5.2) | 6.0 (–2.9 to 14.9) |
| Orthopedic injury | 46.8 | 51.1 | 51.8 | 55.4 | 4.0 (0.5 to 7.4) | 4.3 (0.4 to 8.1) | 8.1 (4.6 to 11.7) | 4.6 (1.5 to 7.6) |
Abbreviations: ASQ, Ages & Stages Questionnaire; cMild, complicated mild; TBI, traumatic brain injury.
a
With a mean reference value of 50, higher ASQ scores indicate more advanced development.