Table 1. Cohort Demographic Characteristics Before and After Full Propensity Score Matching.
| Variable | Before matching | After full matching | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Patients, No. (%) | P value | Patients, % | P value | |||
| With COVID-19 | With non–COVID-19 | With COVID-19 | With non–COVID-19 | |||
| Demographics | ||||||
| Age, mean (SD), y | 61.8 (15.3) | 60.9 (15.8) | .22 | 61.9 (15.7) | 62.4 (15.7) | .76 |
| Sex | ||||||
| Male | 442 (61.5) | 586 (52.0) | <.001 | 61.7 | 69.0 | .02 |
| Female | 277 (38.5) | 541 (48.0) | 38.3 | 31.0 | ||
| Body mass index, mean (SD)a | 32.0 (9.1) | 29.7 (11.6) | <.001 | 32.0 (15.6) | 33.1 (15.6) | .61 |
| Race | ||||||
| Minoritized group | 460 (64.0) | 459 (40.7) | <.001 | 65.0 | 63.3 | .57 |
| White | 253 (35.2) | 655 (58.1) | 35.0 | 36.7 | ||
| Hispanic ethnicity | 127 (17.7) | 28 (2.5) | <.001 | 18.1 | 20.5 | .48 |
| Comorbidities | ||||||
| Diabetes | 164 (22.8) | 165 (14.6) | <.001 | 23.0 | 15.6 | .02 |
| Cardiovascular disease | 63 (8.8) | 141 (12.5) | .02 | 8.6 | 10.3 | .36 |
| COPD | 89 (12.4) | 328 (29.1) | <.001 | 12.3 | 23.6 | <.001 |
| Chronic kidney disease | 227 (31.6) | 369 (32.7) | .64 | 31.6 | 24.5 | .03 |
| Immunosuppression | 43 (6.0) | 47 (4.2) | .09 | 6.2 | 1.6 | <.001 |
| Smoker | ||||||
| Current | 41 (5.7) | 253 (22.4) | <.001 | 5.7 | 26.2 | <.001 |
| Former | 230 (32.0) | 341 (30.3) | .46 | 32.7 | 26.1 | .04 |
| Charlson Comorbidity Index, mean (SD) | 2.7 (2.7) | 3.8 (3.1) | <.001 | 2.7 (2.6) | 2.9 (2.6) | .55 |
| Clinical parameters on admission, mean (SD) | ||||||
| Lowest white blood cell count, cells/mm3 | 8.6 (5.3) | 11.4 (11.2) | <.001 | 8.4 (6.9) | 12.0 (7.2) | <.001 |
| Temperature, °C | ||||||
| Highest | 100.3 (1.8) | 100.0 (1.7) | 0.002 | 100.3 (1.8) | 99.9 (1.8) | .04 |
| Lowest | 96.9 (5.1) | 96.3 (5.5) | .01 | 97 (4.0) | 96.6 (4.2) | .15 |
| Modes of respiratory support prior to intubation | ||||||
| Flow oxygen | ||||||
| Low | 474 (65.9) | 628 (55.7) | <.001 | 67.1 | 56.4 | .02 |
| High | 391 (54.4) | 157 (13.9) | <.001 | 55.8 | 14.2 | <.001 |
| NIPPV | 116 (16.1) | 421 (37.4) | <.001 | 16.4 | 34.3 | <.001 |
| Clinical parameters on first day of mechanical ventilation, mean (SD) | ||||||
| SOFA score | 15.4 (2.4) | 14.5 (2.4) | <.001 | 15.4 (2.3) | 15.2 (2.3) | .29 |
| Pao2/Fio2 | 180.0 (104.7) | 245.7 (142.5) | <.001 | 180.1 (97.3) | 188.5 (98.4) | .25 |
| Clinical outcomes | ||||||
| Hospital mortality | 295 (41.0) | 385 (34.2) | .003 | 40.2 | 38.0 | .67 |
Abbreviations: COPD, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; Fio2, fraction of inspired oxygen; NIPPV, noninvasive positive pressure ventilation; Pao2, partial pressure of oxygen; SOFA, Sequential Organ Failure Assessment.
a
Body mass index is calculated as weight in kilograms divided by height in meters squared.