Variable Code	Label	Definition
SD1	Age at admission?	Age (in years and months) at the date of admission to the referenced hospital
SD2	Gender?	As indicated in the file
SD3a	Country of birth: Switzerland?	As indicated in the file
SD5b	Marital Status: single	Yes, if he/she was unmarried at the time of the offence, respectively, the admission to the referenced hospitalization
SD6a	Living situation: psychiatric living measure	Yes, if, at the time of the offence, respectively, the admission to the referenced hospitalization, he/she was an inpatient or a semi-inpatient in a mental health care institution
SD6b	Living situation: complementary facility	Yes, if, at the time of the offence, respectively, the admission to the referenced hospitalization, he/she lived in any type of community-based dwelling equipped with support staff which provided at least a minimum housing standard (does not include homeless shelters)
SD6c	Living situation: home alone	Yes, if, at the time of the offence, respectively, the admission to the referenced hospitalization, he/she lived on his/her own in any type of community-based dwelling without support staff which provided at least the minimum housing standard
SD6d	Living situation: home with others	Yes, if item SD6e and/or SD6f applies AND/OR if, at the time of the offence, respectively, the admission to the referenced hospitalization, he/she lived with one or more person(s) in any type of community-based dwelling without support staff which provided at least the minimum housing standard
SD6e	Living situation: at parents	Yes, if, at the time of the offence, respectively, the admission to the referenced hospitalization, he/she lived with one or both legal parent(s) in any type of community-based dwelling which provided at least the minimum housing standard
SD6f	Living situation: with relatives	Yes, if item SD6e applies AND/OR if, at the time of the offence, respectively, the admission to the referenced hospitalization, he/she lived with one or more relative(s)/person(s) in law in any type of community-based dwelling which provided at least the minimum housing standard
SD6g	Living situation: homeless	Yes, if, at the time of the offence, respectively the admission to the referenced hospitalization, he/she lived in a place which was below the minimum housing standard AND had no access to an adequate dwelling
SD6i	Living situation: other	Yes, if, at the time of the offence, respectively, the admission to the referenced hospitalization, none of the items SD6a-SD6g applies
SD7a	Highest graduation: no compulsory school	Yes, if he/she had not completed primary or (lower) secondary school education (school period from about age 6 to about age 16) at the time of the investigated offence, respectively, the admission to the referenced hospitalization
SD7b	Highest graduation: compulsory school	Yes, if he/she had completed primary AND (lower) secondary school education (school period from about age 6 to about age 16) at the time of the investigated offence, respectively, the admission to the referenced hospitalization
SD7c	Type of graduation	His/her highest completed level of education at the time of the investigated offence, respectively, the admission to the referenced hospitalization: (1) no graduation (2) primary school (3) secondary school (4) gymnasium (5) vocational school (6) “Fachmittelschule” (technical school) (7) college (8) university degree (9) other
SD7d	Highest graduation: college/university	Yes, if he/she had graduated from college and/or university and/or another higher education institution (e.g., university of applied sciences) at the time of the investigated offence, respectively, the admission to the referenced hospitalization
PH1	Age at which the F2x diagnosis was given?	Age (in years) at which the patient was diagnosed with any schizophrenia spectrum disorder for the first time (ICD-10: F2x.x)
PH2	Age at which the patient showed first symptoms of the F2x diagnosis?	Age (in years) at which he/she showed any of the symptoms that are described in the ICD-10 under the corresponding F2x.x diagnosis (see item PH1) for the first time; unless the symptoms can be better explained by other causes (e. g. substance consumption)
PH3	History of delusions	Yes, if he/she (had) experienced any type of delusion (persecutory delusions, delusions of grandeur). ‘Delusion’ was defined as “a false belief based on incorrect inference about external reality that is firmly sustained despite what almost everybody else believes and despite what constitutes incontrovertible and obvious proof or evidence to the contrary. The belief is not one ordinarily accepted by other members of the person’s culture or subculture (e.g., it is not an article of religious faith)”
PH4	History of hallucinations	Yes, if he/she (had) experienced any visual, auditory, olfactory, tactile, and/or gustatory hallucinations.
PH5	History of penetrability of the own ego	Yes, if he/she (had) experienced any of the following: thought insertion, thought withdrawal, thought broadcasting, thought echo, depersonalisation, derealisation and/or delusions of control
PH6	History of disorders of affect or drive	Yes, if he/she (had) experienced any mania- and/or depression-like symptoms with the consequence of any type of functional impairment (distress and/or disability)
PH7	History of negative symptoms	Yes, if he/she (had) experienced any types of negative symptoms which are listed in the positive and negative syndrome scale (PANSS), which cannot be better explained by other causes (such as another mental illness)
PH10a	History of suicide attempts	Yes, if he/she had harmed himself/herself intentionally with suicidal intent at any one time before the investigated offence, respectively, the time of the referenced hospitalization
PH11a	History of endangerment of others	Yes, if, at any one time before the investigated offence, respectively, the referenced hospitalization, he/she had deliberately or negligently put one or more person(s) at any type of risk (e.g., by the exertion of violence), which entailed the potential or actual consequence of a substantial mental and/or physical impairment of the corresponding person(s)
PH12a	Was there ever any compulsory measure during a hospitalization used?	Yes, if one or more of the following measures had been forced upon the patient in a psychiatric hospital at any one time before the investigated offence, respectively, the referenced hospitalization: -involuntary isolation -mechanical fixation (any type) -compulsory medication (oral AND/OR parenteral) -involuntary retention in the clinic (after voluntary admission)
PH13	Alcohol abuse	Yes, if he/she (had) had an alcohol consumption pattern corresponding to the ICD-10 diagnosis “Harmful use (F10.1)” or “Dependence syndrome (F10.2x)” at the time of or at any one time before the investigated offence, respectively, the referenced hospitalization
PH14a	Drug abuse	Yes, if he/she did not have and had not had a substance consumption pattern corresponding to the ICD-10 diagnosis “Harmful use (F1x.1)” or “Dependence syndrome (F1x.2x)” at the time of and at any one time before the investigated offence, respectively, the referenced hospitalization. In this item, the term ‘substance’ refers to illicit drugs and prescription medications but not to alcohol.
PH14b	Cannabis abuse/-dependence?	Yes, if he/she (had) had a cannabinoid consumption pattern corresponding to the ICD-10 diagnosis “Harmful use (F12.1)” or “Dependence syndrome (F12.2x)” at the time of or at any one time before the investigated offence, respectively, the referenced hospitalization
PH15a	Presence of a personality disorder (PD)?	Yes, if he/she had ever been diagnosed with any personality disorder listed in the ICD-10 (F60.x, F61) and/or the DSM-V
PH18a	Any outpatient psychiatric treatment(s)?	Yes, if he/she had visited a mental health care provider (psychologist and/or psychiatrist) as an outpatient at any time before the investigated offence, respectively, the referenced hospitalization, regardless of the duration of said treatment
PH19a	Any inpatient psychiatric treatment(s)?	Yes, if he/she had been an inpatient and/or a semi-inpatient in a mental health care institution at any time before the investigated offence, respectively, the referenced hospitalization, regardless of the duration of said treatment
PH22a	Was the patient ever compulsorily admitted?	Yes, if he/she had been involuntarily admitted to any mental health care institution by order of an authorised person (such as a physician) at any one time before the investigated offence, respectively, the referenced hospitalization. Compulsory admission is defined as application of the Swiss “Fürsorgerische Unterbringung (FU)” OR “Fürsorgerischer Freiheitsentzug (FFE)” according to the Swiss child and adult protection law (KESR).
PH23p	Regular intake of antipsychotic medication	Yes, if he/she, mental health professionals and trusted private persons (e.g., close family members) had not reported/documented a lack of compliance/adherence to any antipsychotic medications at any time before the investigated offence AND if mental health professionals and trusted private persons (e.g., close family members) had not had reasonable grounds for suspecting that the patient lacked medication compliance/adherence to any antipsychotic medications at any time before the investigated offence, respectively, the referenced hospitalization.
N2	Global cognitive deficits	Yes, if any report in the file states that he/she had shown deficits in any of the domains “general intelligence” (N1b), “attention”, “verbal memory”, “verbal fluency”, “verbal learning and memory” or “executive functioning” (adopted from Bowie and Harvey, 2006, p.532–533) for a period of at least 1 year before admission to the referenced hospitalization
S1	Does/did the patient have satisfying friendships?	Yes, if, at the time of admission to the referenced hospital, he/she reported to have had AND to still have at least one good friend who is not related to him/her Note: relationships with intimate partners were excluded in this item
S2	Does/did the patient have a satisfying relationship with his parents?	Yes, if, at the time of admission to the referenced hospital, he/she reported to have had AND to still have a good relationship with at least one of his/her parents OR, if the corresponding parent(s) had passed away, to have had a good relationship with the deceased parent(s)
S5	Does/did the patient suffer from social isolation?	Yes, if he/she had suffered from social isolation for a period of at least 1 year before admission to the referenced hospital Note: Signs of social isolation include “small social networks, infrequent social contacts, absence of confidante connections, living alone, and lack of participation in social activities”
R9b	Polypharmacy at admission	Yes, if his/her prescription schedule included two or more different antipsychotics on the date of admission to the referenced hospital (does not include antipsychotics which were prescribed on the date of admission itself)
R9f	Polypharmacy at discharge	Yes, if his/her prescription schedule included two or more different antipsychotics at the time of discharge from the referenced hospital
R9l	Additional Antidepressant prescribed	Yes, if his/her prescription schedule included two or more different antipsychotics at the time of discharge from the referenced hospital AND if his/her prescription schedule included any antidepressant at the time of discharge from the referenced hospital Note: Herbal and homeopathic remedies are not considered in this item
R10	Was the patient ever suicidal during the referenced hospitalization?	Yes, if he/she reported that he/she has experienced active suicidal ideation at any one time during the referenced hospitalisation AND/OR if he/she attempted suicide during the current hospitalisation (see item R12)
R11	Did the patient ever show any self-harming behaviour during the referenced hospitalization?	Yes, if he/she intentionally harmed himself/herself (by cutting, burning, or other means) at any one time during the referenced hospitalisation (including self-harming behaviour with suicidal intent (see item R12))
R12	Did the patient ever attempt suicide during the referenced hospitalization?	Yes, if he/she intentionally harmed himself/herself with suicidal intent at any one time during the referenced hospitalisation
R20b/c	Did the patient ever show any endangerment of others during the referenced hospitalization?	Yes, if he/she showed any physical or verbal aggressions towards one or more staff member(s) or one or more patient(s) at any one time during the referenced hospitalization Note: Aggression is defined as “a behaviour that is intended to harm another person who Is motivated to avoid that harm”
PA1	PANSS at admission: Scale Delusion	Score in the PANSS item ‘delusion’ at the time of admission to the referenced hospital
PA2	PANSS at admission: Scale Conceptual disorganization	Score in the PANSS item ‘conceptual disorganisation’ at the time of admission to the referenced hospital
PA3	PANSS at admission: Scale Hallucinations	Score in the PANSS item ‘hallucinations’ at the time of admission to the referenced hospital
PA4	PANSS at admission: Scale Hyperactivity	Score in the PANSS item ‘hyperactivity’ at the time of admission to the referenced hospital
PA5	PANSS at admission: Scale Grandiosity	Score in the PANSS item ‘grandiosity’ at the time of admission to the referenced hospital
PA6	PANSS at admission: Scale suspiciousness/persecution	Score in the PANSS item ‘suspiciousness/persecution’ at the time of admission to the referenced hospital
PA7	PANSS at admission: Scale Hostility	Score in the PANSS item ‘hostility’ at the time of admission to the referenced hospital
PA8	PANSS at admission: Scale Blunted affect	Score in the PANSS item ‘blunted affect’ at the time of admission to the referenced hospital
PA9	PANSS at admission: Scale Emotional withdrawal	Score in the PANSS item ‘emotional withdrawal’ at the time of admission to the referenced hospital
PA10	PANSS at admission: Scale Poor rapport	Score in the PANSS item ‘poor rapport’ at the time of admission to the referenced hospital
PA11	PANSS at admission: Scale Passive/apathetic social withdrawal	Score in the PANSS item ‘passive/apathetic social withdrawal’ at the time of admission to the referenced hospital
PA12	PANSS at admission: Scale Difficulty in abstract thinking	Score in the PANSS item ‘difficulty in abstract thinking’ at the time of admission to the referenced hospital
PA13	PANSS at admission: Scale Lack of spontaneity and flow of conversation	Score in the PANSS item ‘lack of spontaneity and flow of conversation’ at the time of admission to the referenced hospital
PA14	PANSS at admission: Scale Stereotyped thinking	Score in the PANSS item ‘stereotyped thinking’ at the time of admission to the referenced hospital
PA15	PANSS at admission: Scale Somatic concern	Score in the PANSS item ‘somatic concern’ at the time of admission to the referenced hospital
PA16	PANSS at admission: Scale Anxiety	Score in the PANSS item ‘anxiety’ at the time of admission to the referenced hospital
PA17	PANSS at admission: Scale Guilt feelings	Score in the PANSS item ‘guilt feelings’ at the time of admission to the referenced hospital
PA18	PANSS at admission: Scale Tension	Score in the PANSS item ‘tension’ at the time of admission to the referenced hospital
PA19	PANSS at admission: Scale Mannerisms and posturing	Score in the PANSS item ‘mannerism and posturing’ at the time of admission to the referenced hospital
PA20	PANSS at admission: Scale Depression	Score in the PANSS item ‘depression’ at the time of admission to the referenced hospital
PA21	PANSS at admission: Scale Motor retardation	Score in the PANSS item ‘motor retardation’ at the time of admission to the referenced hospital
PA22	PANSS at admission: Scale Uncooperativeness	Score in the PANSS item ‘uncooperativeness’ at the time of admission to the referenced hospital
PA23	PANSS at admission: Scale Unusual thought content	Score in the PANSS item ‘unusual thought content’ at the time of admission to the referenced hospital
PA24	PANSS at admission: Scale Disorientation	Score in the PANSS item ‘disorientation’ at the time of admission to the referenced hospital
PA25	PANSS at admission: Scale Poor attention	Score in the PANSS item ‘poor attention’ at the time of admission to the referenced hospital
PA26	PANSS at admission: Scale Lack of judgement and insight	Score in the PANSS item ‘lack of judgement and insight’ at the time of admission to the referenced hospital
PA27	PANSS at admission: Scale Disturbance of volition	Score in the PANSS item ‘disturbance of volition’ at the time of admission to the referenced hospital
PA28	PANSS at admission: Scale Poor impulse control	Score in the PANSS item ‘poor impulse control’ at the time of admission to the referenced hospital
PA29	PANSS at admission: Scale Preoccupation	Score in the PANSS item ‘preoccupation’ at the time of admission to the referenced hospital
PA30	PANSS at admission: Scale Active social avoidance	Score in the PANSS item ‘active social avoidance’ at the time of admission to the referenced hospital
PA_A	PANNS Score at admission	PANSS total score at the time of admission to the referenced hospital
PA32	PANSS at discharge: Scale Delusion	Score in the PANSS item ‘delusion’ at the time of discharge from the referenced hospital
PA33	PANSS at discharge: Scale Conceptual disorganization	Score in the PANSS item ‘conceptual disorganisation’ at the time of discharge from the referenced hospital
PA34	PANSS at discharge: Scale Hallucinations	Score in the PANSS item ‘hallucinations’ at the time of discharge from the referenced hospital
PA35	PANSS at discharge: Scale Hyperactivity	Score in the PANSS item ‘hyperactivity’ at the time of discharge from the referenced hospital
PA36	PANSS at discharge: Scale Grandiosity	Score in the PANSS item ‘grandiosity’ at the time of discharge from the referenced hospital
PA37	PANSS at discharge: Scale Suspiciousness/persecution	Score in the PANSS item ‘suspiciousness/persecution’ at the time of discharge from the referenced hospital
PA38	PANSS at discharge: Scale Hostility	Score in the PANSS item ‘hostility’ at the time of discharge from the referenced hospital
PA39	PANSS at discharge: Scale Blunted affect	Score in the PANSS item ‘blunted affect’ at the time of discharge from the referenced hospital
PA40	PANSS at discharge: Scale Emotional withdrawal	Score in the PANSS item ‘emotional withdrawal’ at the time of discharge from the referenced hospital
PA41	PANSS at discharge: Scale Poor rapport	Score in the PANSS item ‘poor rapport’ at the time of discharge from the referenced hospital
PA42	PANSS at discharge: Passive/apathetic social withdrawal	Score in the PANSS item ‘passive/apathetic social withdrawal’ at the time of discharge from the referenced hospital
PA43	PANSS at discharge: Scale Difficulty in abstract thinking	Score in the PANSS item ‘difficulty in abstract thinking’ at the time of discharge from the referenced hospital
PA44	PANSS at discharge: Scale Lack of spontaneity and flow of conversation	Score in the PANSS item ‘spontaneity and flow of conversation’ at the time of discharge from the referenced hospital
PA45	PANSS at discharge: Scale Stereotyped thinking	Score in the PANSS item ‘stereotyped thinking’ at the time of discharge from the referenced hospital
PA46	PANSS at discharge: Scale Somatic concern	Score in the PANSS item ‘somatic concern’ at the time of discharge from the referenced hospital
PA47	PANSS at discharge: Scale Anxiety	Score in the PANSS item ‘anxiety’ at the time of discharge from the referenced hospital
PA48	PANSS at discharge: Scale Guilt feelings	Score in the PANSS item ‘guilt feelings’ at the time of discharge from the referenced hospital
PA49	PANSS at discharge: Scale Tension	Score in the PANSS item ‘tension’ at the time of discharge from the referenced hospital
PA50	PANSS at discharge: Scale Mannerisms and posturing	Score in the PANSS item ‘mannerisms and posturing’ at the time of discharge from the referenced hospital
PA51	PANSS at discharge: Scale Depression	Score in the PANSS item ‘depression’ at the time of discharge from the referenced hospital
PA52	PANSS at discharge: Scale Motor retardation	Score in the PANSS item ‘motor retardation’ at the time of discharge from the referenced hospital
PA53	PANSS at discharge: Scale Uncooperativeness	Score in the PANSS item ‘uncooperativeness’ at the time of discharge from the referenced hospital
PA54	PANSS at discharge: Scale Unusual thought content	Score in the PANSS item ‘unusual thought content’ at the time of discharge from the referenced hospital
PA55	PANSS at discharge: Scale Disorientation	Score in the PANSS item ‘disorientation’ at the time of discharge from the referenced hospital
PA56	PANSS at discharge: Scale Poor attention	Score in the PANSS item ‘poor attention’ at the time of discharge from the referenced hospital
PA57	PANSS at discharge: Scale Lack of judgement and insight	Score in the PANSS item ‘lack of judgement and insight’ at the time of discharge from the referenced hospital
PA58	PANSS at discharge: Scale Disturbance of volition	Score in the PANSS item ‘disturbance of volition’ at the time of discharge from the referenced hospital
PA59	PANSS at discharge: Scale Poor impulse control	Score in the PANSS item ‘poor impulse control’ at the time of discharge from the referenced hospital
PA60	PANSS at discharge: Scale Preoccupation	Score in the PANSS item ‘Preoccupation’ at the time of discharge from the referenced hospital
PA61	PANSS at discharge: Scale Active social avoidance	Score in the PANSS item ‘active social avoidance’ at the time of discharge from the referenced hospital
PAS62	PANNS Score at discharge	PANSS total score at the time of discharge from the referenced hospital