Table 1. Comparison of Maternal and Neonatal Characteristics by Mechanical Ventilation Status on Postnatal Day 14a.
| Characteristic | Total cohort (N = 874) | Mechanical ventilation at 14 d (n = 458) | No mechanical ventilation at 14 d (n = 416) | P valuea |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Sex | ||||
| Male | 449 (51.4) | 245 (53.5) | 203 (48.9) | .18 |
| Female | 425 (48.6) | 213 (46.5) | 212 (51.1) | |
| Maternal ethnicity | ||||
| Hispanic | 187 (21.4) | 84 (18.3) | 103 (24.8) | .01 |
| Non-Hispanic | 676 (77.3) | 365 (79.7) | 310 (74.7) | |
| Unknown | 11 (1.3) | 9 (2.0) | 2 (0.5) | |
| Maternal race | ||||
| Black | 226 (25.9) | 130 (28.4) | 97 (23.4) | .07 |
| White | 569 (65.1) | 283 (61.8) | 285 (68.7) | |
| Other | 51 (5.8) | 26 (5.7) | 25 (6.0) | |
| Unknown | 28 (3.2) | 19 (4.1) | 8 (1.9) | |
| Birth weight, mean (SD), g | 801 (188) | 729 (163) | 893 (174) | <.001 |
| Birth length, mean (SD), cm | 32.9 (2.9) | 31.9 (2.7) | 34.2 (2.5) | <.001 |
| Gestational age, wk | ||||
| 24 | 207 (23.7) | 181 (39.5) | 26 (6.3) | <.001 |
| 25 | 226 (25.8) | 147 (32.1) | 79 (19.0) | |
| 26 | 212 (24.3) | 81 (17.7) | 130 (31.3) | |
| 27 | 229 (26.2) | 49 (10.7) | 180 (43.4) | |
| Small for gestational ageb | 141 (16.3) | 80 (17.5) | 50 (12.1) | .03 |
| Apgar score, median (IQR)c | ||||
| 1 Minute | 4 (2-6) | 3 (1-5) | 5 (3-6) | <.001 |
| 5 Minutesc | 7 (5-8) | 6 (4-7) | 7 (6-8) | <.001 |
| Maternal characteristics | ||||
| Multiple gestations | 228 (26.1) | 116 (25.3) | 112 (27.0) | .58 |
| Hypertension | 66 (7.6) | 40 (8.7) | 26 (6.3) | .17 |
| Diabetes | 47 (5.4) | 21 (4.6) | 26 (6.3) | .27 |
| Mode of delivery | ||||
| Cesarean section | ||||
| Scheduled | 75 (8.6) | 42 (9.2) | 33 (8.0) | .22 |
| Unscheduled | 526 (60.2) | 285 (62.2) | 241 (58.0) | |
| Vaginal birth | 273 (31.2) | 131 (28.6) | 141 (34.0) | |
| Prenatal steroid doses | ||||
| 1 | 166 (21.2) | 86 (21.1) | 80 (21.3) | .01 |
| 2 | 545 (69.6) | 296 (72.7) | 248 (66.1) | |
| 3 | 72 (9.2) | 25 (6.1) | 47 (12.5) | |
| Vasopressor use | 268 (30.7) | 212 (46.3) | 56 (13.5) | <.001 |
| Neonatal course | ||||
| Necrotizing enterocolitis | 91 (10.4) | 55 (12.0) | 36 (8.7) | .11 |
| Treated patent ductus arteriosus | 371 (42.4) | 271 (59.2) | 99 (23.9) | <.001 |
| Intraventricular hemorrhage | 317 (36.3) | 218 (47.6) | 98 (23.7) | <.001 |
| AKI | 336 (38.4) | 235 (51.3) | 101 (25.5) | <.001 |
| Severe AKI | 162 (18.5) | 126 (27.5) | 36 (8.7) | <.001 |
| BPD | 577 (66.0) | 380 (83.0) | 197 (47.5) | <.001 |
| Severe BPD | 291 (33.3) | 219 (47.8) | 72 (17.3) | <.001 |
| Treatment with erythropoietin | 432 (49.4) | 196 (47.8) | 236 (51.5) | .20 |
Abbreviations: AKI, acute kidney injury; BPD, bronchopulmonary dysplasia.
a
Data are presented as number (percentage) of patients unless otherwise indicated.
b
Data available in 865 individuals.
c
Estimated from χ2 and Wilcoxon rank sum test for categorical and continuous variables, respectively.