Table 2. Unadjusted Association of IPV, Maternal Depressive Symptoms, Harsh Child Discipline, and Child Stimulation With Child CREDI Socioemotional Development Scores.

Variable	Mean difference in CREDI score (95% CI)	P value
IPV
None	[Reference]	NA
Physical	−0.022 (−0.044 to −0.000)	.04
Sexual	−0.011 (−0.046 to 0.023)	.53
Both physical and sexual	−0.050 (−0.081 to −0.019)	.002
Maternal depressive symptoms
Minimal or none	[Reference]	NA
Mild to high	−0.079 (−0.106 to −0.052)	<.001
Mother yells at the child
No	[Reference]	NA
Yes	0.020 (−0.004 to 0.045)	.10
Mother spanks/hits the child
No	[Reference]	NA
Yes	0.015 (−0.000 to 0.030)	.06
Child stimulation
Low	[Reference]	NA
Moderate	0.006 (−0.009 to 0.022)	.40
High	0.011 (−0.024 to 0.046)	.54

Abbreviations: CREDI, Caregiver-Reported Early Childhood Development Instruments; IPV, intimate partner violence; NA, not applicable.