Table 4.

Drugs with US Food Drug Administration (FDA) approved indication for obesity.

Drug [28,156]	Mechanism of Action	Dose	Weight Change Relative to Placebo	Side Effects
Semaglutide	glucagon-like peptide 1 receptor (GLP1R) agonists, decreases appetite and delays gastric emptying and gut motility	2.4 mg once per week subcutaneous injection	2.4% to 14.9%	abdominal pain, constipation, diarrhea, nausea, vomiting, and pancreatitis (rare)
Liraglutide	GLP1R agonists, decreases appetite and delays gastric emptying and gut motility	3.0 mg per day subcutaneous injection	2.6% to 8%	diarrhea, nausea, vomiting, constipation, dyspepsia, abdominal pain, pancreatitis, and gallstones
Naltrexone SR/bupropion SR	Opioid receptor antagonist/dopamine and noradrenaline reuptake inhibitor causing appetite suppression	32 mg/360 mg oral twice daily	dose dependent 1.3% to 6.1%	headaches, hypertension, sleep disorders, nausea, constipation, vomiting, diarrhea, palpitation, dizziness, tremor, and others
Orlistat	Pancreatic lipase inhibitor causing excretion of 30% of ingested trigylcerides in stool	120 mg 3 times daily	6.1% to 10.2%	nausea, diarrhea, steatorrhea, abdominal bloating, and hepatitis
Phentermine/ topiramate	Sympathomimetics/anticonvulsant causing appetite suppression	15 mg/92 mg once daily oral	dose depending 1.2% to 7.8%	tachycardia, xerostomia, constipation, headache, sleep disorder, anxiety, depression, suicidal ideation, and cardiovascular event
Phendimetrazine	Sympathomimetics causing appetite suppression	Short-term (≤12 weeks) 17.5 to 35 mg 2 or 3 times daily	Not available	hypertension, ischemic events, palpitations, tachycardia, headache, insomnia, overstimulation, psychosis, and others