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. 2023 Jan 13;12(2):302. doi: 10.3390/cells12020302

Figure 3.

Figure 3

FFA and IL-6 treatment increase fibrosis markers and CTGF production in co-cultures. Red bars represent results of IHC analysis and green bars represent data based on ELISA analyses. (A–C) Treatment of co-culture spheroids with FFA increased production of COL1A1, TGF-β1 and CTGF in the spheroids (n = 4). (D,E) FFA treatment increased pro-collagen I α1 and CTGF released from the cells into the medium during the last 2 days of culture (n = 4). (F–H) Treatment of the spheroids with 1.5 ng/mL of IL-6 for 7 days increased production of COL1A1, TGF-β1 and CTGF (n = 3), (I,J) but not of pro-collagen I α1 and CTGF production monitored by ELISA (n = 3). Every dot in the plots represents data from 1 experiment. Every dot in the red bars represents an average of at least 10 analyzed sections of spheroids per experiment. The size of the spheroids is marked with a white scale bar of 100 μm. Data are shown as mean ± SEM. Statistical analysis—Student’s t-test; * p < 0.05; ** p < 0.01; ns: not significant.