Figure 8.

Schematic representation of the proposed mechanism for B-induced apoptosis and autophagy in the Caco2 cells. B induces apoptosis in Caco2 cells through the induction of G2/M phase arrest caused by tubulin stabilization. Simultaneously, B induces apoptosis and autophagy in Caco2 cells via the ROS/JNK signaling pathway. Inhibition of ROS, JNK, and caspases by NAC, SP600125, and Z-VAD-FMK, respectively, decreases B induced caspase-dependent apoptosis in Caco2 cells. 3MA and CQ inhibit autophagy in the Caco2 cells. The inhibition of autophagy by preventing the fusion of lysosomes with autophagosomes by CQ significantly increases the induction of caspase-dependent apoptosis by B in the Caco2 cells.