Table 3. Service Utilization Rates per 10 000 Enrollees Before vs After the COVID-19 National Emergency Declarationa.
| Characteristic | β (95% CI)b | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Depressive disorder | Anxiety disorders | Bipolar disorder | Adjustment disorder | PTSD | |
| COVID-19 pandemic national declarationc | −0.85 (−3.58 to 1.88) | 2.47 (−1.42 to 6.36) | −0.24 (−1.27 to 0.80) | −0.49 (−3.22 to 2.23) | 1.61 (−0.41 to 3.63) |
| Individual level | |||||
| Sex | |||||
| Female | 10.02 (7.77 to 12.26) | 11.72 (8.89 to 14.55) | 3.05 (2.08 to 4.02) | 6.45 (4.25 to 8.64) | 5.33 (3.45 to 7.21) |
| Male | 1 [Reference] | 1 [Reference] | 1 [Reference] | 1 [Reference] | 1 [Reference] |
| Age group, y | |||||
| 19-26 | 1 [Reference] | 1 [Reference] | 1 [Reference] | 1 [Reference] | 1 [Reference] |
| 27-45 | −4.84 (−8.60 to −10.7) | −8.93 (−11.61 to −6.24) | −0.82 (−2.23 to 0.59) | 2.11 (−1.23 to 5.45) | 2.56 (−0.08 to 5.20) |
| 46-59 | −9.10 (−13.22 to −4.97) | −10.89 (−15.32 to −6.45) | −1.90 (−3.29 to −0.51) | −0.73 (−4.02 to 2.56) | −0.52 (−2.37 to 1.33) |
| ≥60 | −11.26 (−14.93 to −7.30) | −17.64 (−21.06 to 14.22) | −3.03 (−4.30 to −1.75) | −3.91 (−7.19 to −0.64) | −3.07 (−4.25 to −1.89) |
| County level | |||||
| Female × national declaration | 1.45 (−0.25 to 3.14) | 3.01 (0.50 to 5.52) | 0.24 (−0.55 to 1.04) | 1.68 (−0.03 to 3.40) | 0.79 (−0.51 to 2.07) |
| Age 27-45 y × national declaration | −0.79 (−3.62 to 2.04) | 3.13 (−0.26 to 6.52) | −0.20 (−1.42 to 1.03) | 1.31 (−2.04 to 4.66) | −1.62 (−3.83 to 0.59) |
| Age 46-59 y × national declaration | −0.21 (−2.85 to 2.44) | −2.35 (−5.91 to 1.22 | −0.63 (−1.68 to 0.41) | −2.24 (−4.88 to 0.39) | −1.74 (−3.44 to −0.04) |
| Age ≥60 y × national declaration | −0.35 (−3.03 to 2.34) | −1.36 (−4.53 to 1.81) | −0.35 (−1.21 to 0.52) | −3.86 (−6.67 to −1.05) | −0.95 (−2.36 to 0.45) |
Abbreviation: PTSD, posttraumatic stress disorder.
a
Fixed-effects regression analysis included additional county-level demographic covariates as well as state and week fixed effects (not shown).
b
The β coefficient represents the change in the number of beneficiaries per 10 000 beneficiaries on a weekly basis.
c
National emergency declaration represents prepandemic and postpandemic variables for the weeks before vs after March 13, 2020.