Table 3. Difference-in-Differences (Primary and Trend Adjusted) and Displacement Results for Abandoned House Remediation and Trash Cleanup Clusters Compared With No-Intervention Control Clusters on Gun Violence Outcomes.
| Outcome | Full remediation (cluster n = 23, house n = 58, N = 2080) vs no-intervention control (cluster n = 20, house n = 107, N = 3852)a | Trash cleanup (cluster n = 20, house n = 93, N = 3348) vs no-intervention control (cluster n = 20, house n = 107, N = 3852)a | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Coefficient (95% CI)b | Percent change, % (95% CI) | P value | q Value | Coefficient (95% CI)b | Percent change, % (95% CI) | P value | q Value | |
| Primary kernel density analyses, gun violence outcomes | ||||||||
| Weapons violations | −1.91 (−3.57 to −0.25) | −8.43 (−14.68 to −1.19) | .02 | .35 | −0.30 (−2.56 to 1.97) | −1.20 (−9.47 to 7.44) | .79 | >.99 |
| Gun assaults | −0.76 (−1.11 to −0.41) | −13.12 (−21.32 to −3.01) | .01 | .35 | −0.44 (−1.17 to 0.30) | −7.13 (−17.04 to 4.93) | .24 | >.99 |
| Shootings | −0.23 (−0.56 to 0.10) | −6.96 (−15.32 to 3.03) | .17 | >.99 | 0.08 (−0.33 to 0.50) | 2.26 (−8.57 to 12.27) | .69 | >.99 |
| Primary kernel density analyses, substance-related outcomes | ||||||||
| Illegal substance | 0.87 (−2.09 to 3.84) | 5.26 (−11.69 to 19.58) | .56 | >.99 | 6.76 (−5.12 to 18.65) | 14.51 (−11.41 to 31.90) | .27 | >.99 |
| Public drunkenness | −0.20 (−0.71 to 0.31) | −19.44 (−46.31 to 27.52) | .44 | >.99 | 0.23 (−0.64 to 1.10) | 16.58 (−36.07 to 49.02) | .61 | >.99 |
| Survey outcomes (participants n = 172) | ||||||||
| Perception of safety | 0.06 (−0.18 to 0.30) | 2.1 (−6.5 to 10.2) | .64 | >.99 | 0.15 (−0.06 to 0.36) | 5.3 (−2.5 to 12.1) | .18 | >.99 |
| Time outside | −0.15 (−0.65 to 0.34) | −3.6 (−14.1 to 8.2) | .57 | >.99 | −0.11 (−0.56 to 0.34) | −2.9 (−13.0 to 8.2) | .62 | >.99 |
| Trend adjusted model, gun violence outcomes | ||||||||
| Weapons violations | −1.42 (−4.54 to 1.70) | −6.39 (−17.91 to 7.56) | .37 | >.99 | 0.65 (−2.74 to 4.05) | 2.59 (−10.09 to 14.20) | .70 | >.99 |
| Gun assaults | −0.74 (−1.63 to 0.17) | −12.78 (−24.59 to 3.20) | .11 | >.99 | −0.01 (−1.07 to 1.06) | −0.91 (−15.84 to 15.71) | .99 | >.99 |
| Shootings | 0.12 (−0.59 to 0.84) | 3.96 (−16.05 to 21.49) | .73 | >.99 | 0.09 (−0.66 to 0.85) | 2.58 (−15.68 to 19.28) | .81 | >.99 |
| Trend adjusted model, substance-related outcomes | ||||||||
| Illegal substance | −3.15 (−8.40 to 2.11) | −16.65 (−34.77 to 11.79) | .24 | >.99 | −1.80 (−6.61 to 3.00) | −4.33 (−14.23 to 7.01) | .46 | >.99 |
| Public drunkenness | −0.36 (−1.01 to 0.29) | −30.69 (−55.27 to 25.92) | .27 | >.99 | 0.38 (−0.74 to 1.52) | 25.10 (−39.45 to 56.91) | .51 | >.99 |
| IRR (95% CI) | Percent change, % (95% CI) | P value | q Value | IRR (95% CI) | Percent change, % (95% CI) | P value | q Value | |
| Secondary displacement analyses, proximal zone (0-330 ft) | ||||||||
| Weapons violations | 0.71 (0.55 to 0.93) | −28.56 (−44.82 to −7.52) | .01 | .16 | 0.85 (0.60 to 1.22) | −14.80 (−40.31 to 21.62) | .38 | >.99 |
| Gun assaults | 0.77 (0.44 to 1.34) | −23.37 (−56.21 to 34.09) | .35 | >.99 | 0.89 (0.52 to 1.51) | −11.45 (−48.02 to 50.87) | .66 | >.99 |
| Shootings | 0.95 (0.51 to 1.78) | −4.80 (−49.02 to 77.84) | .88 | >.99 | 0.94 (0.46 to 1.92) | −6.24 (−54.13 to 91.66) | .86 | >.99 |
| Secondary displacement analyses, displacement zone (330-660 ft) | ||||||||
| Weapons violations | 0.96 (0.81 to 1.14) | −4.12 (−19.09 to 13.62) | .63 | >.99 | 0.97 (0.75 to 1.18) | −3.13 (−20.54 to 18.10) | .75 | >.99 |
| Gun assaults | 0.96 (0.68 to 1.35) | −4.54 (−20.76 to −32.49) | .79 | >.99 | 0.78 (0.57 to 1.08) | −21.79 (−43.40 to 8.08) | .14 | >.99 |
| Shootings | 0.80 (0.48 to 1.34) | −19.70 (−51.99 to 34.30) | .40 | >.99 | 0.86 (0.49 to 1.53) | −13.76 (−51.42 to 53.42) | .14 | >.99 |
a
N = count of houses per month × months included in the analysis.
b
Coefficients for the primary analyses correspond to β4 and β5 shown in the model equation in Methods. The trend adjusted analyses report coefficients as the average of the postintervention αts and γts.