Table 1. Baseline Characteristics of TRANSFORM-HF Participants by Treatment Group.
| Characteristic | No. (%)a | |
|---|---|---|
| Torsemide (n = 1431) | Furosemide (n = 1428) | |
| Age, y | ||
| Mean (SD) | 64.0 (14.0) | 65.0 (14.0) |
| Median (IQR) | 65.0 (55.0-74.0) | 65.5 (56.0-75.0) |
| Sex | ||
| Female | 498 (34.8) | 557 (39.0) |
| Male | 933 (65.2) | 871 (61.0) |
| Raceb | ||
| American Indian or Alaska Native | 9 (0.6) | 3 (0.2) |
| Asian | 37 (2.6) | 26 (1.8) |
| Black or African American | 474 (33.1) | 494 (34.6) |
| Native Hawaiian or Pacific Islander | 13 (0.9) | 7 (0.5) |
| White | 831 (58.1) | 837 (58.6) |
| Other | 44 (3.1) | 35 (2.5) |
| Multiple | 21 (1.5) | 23 (1.6) |
| Not reported | 2 (0.1) | 3 (0.2) |
| Hispanic ethnicity, No./total (%) | 75/1430 (5.2) | 80/1425 (5.6) |
| Newly diagnosed heart failure | 428 (29.9) | 410 (28.7) |
| Heart failure hospitalization in past year, No./total (%) | 524/1415 (37.0) | 476/1414 (33.7) |
| Left ventricular ejection fraction, No./total (%), % | ||
| ≥50 | 318/1334 (23.8) | 330/1301 (25.4) |
| 41-49 | 81/1334 (6.1) | 70/1301 (5.4) |
| ≤40 | 935/1334 (70.1) | 901/1301 (69.3) |
| Prior loop diuretic (before randomization) | 964 (67.4) | 956 (66.9) |
| Furosemide | 754 (52.7) | 778 (54.5) |
| Torsemide | 146 (10.2) | 113 (7.9) |
| Bumetanide | 64 (4.5) | 65 (4.6) |
| Ischemic etiology | 427 (29.8) | 381 (26.7) |
| Comorbidities | ||
| Atrial fibrillation/flutter | 625/1419 (44.0) | 649/1420 (45.7) |
| Diabetes | 688 (48.1) | 676 (47.3) |
| Chronic kidney disease | 497 (34.7) | 512 (35.9) |
| Vital signs | ||
| Systolic blood pressure, mm Hg | 118 (19) | 119 (20) |
| Heart rate, /min | 81 (16) | 80 (16) |
| No. | 1430 | 1427 |
| Body mass indexc | 32.3 (9.7) | 32.0 (9.3) |
| Baseline laboratories, median (IQR) | ||
| NT-proBNP, pg/mL | 3994 (1938-8850) | 3833 (1936-7807) |
| No. | 680 | 696 |
| BNP, pg/dL | 982 (468-1790) | 921 (480-1865) |
| No. | 703 | 678 |
| Estimated GFR, mean (SD), mL/min/1.73 m2 | 59.1 (25.0) | 59.7 (26.0) |
| No. | 1429 | 1425 |
| Devices and medications | ||
| β-Blocker | 1140 (79.7) | 1106 (77.5) |
| ACE inhibitor or ARB | 640 (44.7) | 603 (42.2) |
| Mineralocorticoid receptor antagonist | 524 (36.6) | 498 (34.9) |
| Sacubitril-valsartan | 264 (18.4) | 272 (19.0) |
| SGLT2 inhibitor | 89/1383 (6.4) | 81/1375 (5.9) |
| Implantable cardioverter–defibrillator | 293/1428 (20.5) | 298/1426 (20.9) |
| Cardiac resynchronization therapy | 119/1430 (8.3) | 105/1427 (7.4) |
Abbreviations: ACE, angiotensin-converting enzyme; ARB, angiotensin receptor blocker; BNP, B-type natriuretic peptide; GFR, glomerular filtration rate; NT-proBNP, N-terminal pro–brain natriuretic peptide; SGLT2, sodium glucose cotransporter 2.
a
Values shown as No. (%) or mean (SD), unless otherwise specified.
b
The inclusion of race and ethnicity data was aligned with National Institutes of Health guidance. Participants made the determination based on fixed categories, which allowed multiple responses and “other.”
c
Calculated as weight in kilograms divided by height in meters squared.