Table 3. Factors Associated With Care Partner Uptake and Use of the Patient Portal by the SEIPS Model.

SEIPS factor	No. of identified studies by study design							Total studies, No.
	Qualitative			Quantitative
	Facilitator	Barrier	Neither	Facilitator	Barrier	NS	Neither
Work system factors (person-patient)
Need for assistance with health system navigation	3	1	0	3	0	0	0	7
Illness severity	1	0	1	4	1	0	0	7
Adolescents: younger age	0	0	1	2	0	0	1	4
Adults: older age	0	0	0	3	0	0	1	4
Mental health condition	0	1	0	1	0	0	0	2
White race	0	0	0	0	1	1	0	2
Work system factors (person-care partner)
Health literacy level/educational level	2	0	0	3	0	3	0	8
Female gender	0	0	0	5	0	1	0	6
Relationship to patient: family vs nonfamily	1	0	0	5	0	0	0	6
White race	0	0	0	3	0	2	0	5
Household income	0	0	0	3	1	1	0	5
Technology experience	1	0	0	2	0	0	0	3
Work system factors: environment (physical, socioorganizational, external)
Organizational policy and functionality to enable proxy access	0	1	1	0	1	0	2	5
Clinic staff awareness of proxy access	0	0	0	0	1	0	0	1
State laws	0	0	1	0	0	0	0	1
Internet access	1	0	0	0	0	0	0	1
Work system factors (tasks)
Access to information	5	0	3	3	0	0	1	12
Coordination of care	2	0	0	6	0	0	0	8
Processes factors: how work is done and how it flows (care processes)
Privacy and security	2	2	3	0	0	0	1	8
Review of proxy access status	1	0	2	0	0	0	4	7
Convenience of access type	0	0	1	0	0	0	0	1

Abbreviations: NS, nonsignificant; SEIPS, System Engineering Initiative for Patient Safety.