Table. Baseline Characteristics of Patients in 1 or More Domains Included in the Analysis of Mortality at 180 Daysa.
| Characteristic | No./total No. (%) |
|---|---|
| No. | 4791 |
| Age, median (IQR) [No.], y | 60 (51-68) [n = 4790] |
| Male sex | 3253/4790 (67.9) |
| Female sex | 1537/4790 (32.1) |
| Race and ethnicitya | |
| Asian | 504/3557 (14.2) |
| Black | 160/3557 (4.5) |
| White | 2665/3557 (74.9) |
| Mixed | 69/3557 (1.9) |
| Otherb | 159/3557 (4.5) |
| Confirmed SARS-CoV2 infectionc | 4139/4764 (86.9) |
| BMI, median (IQR) | 30.5 (26.6-35.8) [n = 4317] |
| APACHE II score, median (IQR)d | 13 (8-19) [n = 4673] |
| Preexisting conditionse | |
| Diabetes | 1404/4788 (29.3) |
| Respiratory disease¤ | 1067/4788 (22.3) |
| Asthma/COPD | 897/4788 (18.7) |
| Other | 218/4788 (4.6) |
| Kidney disease | 370/4427 (8.4) |
| Severe cardiovascular disease | 376/4703 (8.0) |
| Immunosuppressive disease | 190/4788 (4.0) |
| Chronic immunosuppressive therapy | 175/4788 (3.7) |
| Time to enrolment, median (IQR) | |
| From hospital admission, d | 1.7 (0.9-3.3) |
| From ICU admission, h | 16.7 (9.1-22.5) |
| Acute respiratory support, No. (%) | |
| None/supplemental oxygen only | 7 (0.2) |
| High-flow nasal cannula | 1198 (25.0) |
| Noninvasive ventilation only | 1848 (38.6) |
| Invasive mechanical ventilation | 1746 (36.4) |
| ECMO | 4/4729 (0.1) |
| Vasopressor support | 1005 (21.0) |
| Acute physiology and laboratory values, median (IQR)f | |
| Pao2/Fio2 | 116 (89-158) [n = 4368] |
| C-reactive protein, μg/mL | 117 (65-192) [n = 3585] |
| Creatinine, mg/dL | 0.8 (0.7-1.1) [n = 4681] |
| Lactate, mmol/L | 1.3 (1.0-1.8) [n = 4205] |
| Platelets, ×109/L | 245 (183-314) [n = 4626] |
| Bilirubin, mg/dL | 0.5 (0.4-0.8) [n = 4443] |
Abbreviations: APACHE, Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation; BMI, body mass index (calculated as weight in kilograms divided by height in meters squared); COPD, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; ECMO, extracorporeal membrane oxygenation; Fio2, fraction of inspired oxygen; Pao2, partial pressure of oxygen.
Baseline characteristics by intervention in each of the six domains can be found in eTables 3-8 in Supplement 1. Percentages may not sum to 100 because of rounding.
Self-reported via fixed categories. Data collection was not approved in Asia, Canada, and continental Europe. “Other” includes “other ethnic group” and those who declined to respond or were not asked by registration personnel.
SARS-CoV2 infection was confirmed by respiratory tract polymerase chain reaction test.
Measures the severity of illness based on age, medical history, and physiological variables. Scores range from 0 to 71; higher numbers represent greater risk of death. The median score of 12 is typical for patients with COVID-19 admitted to intensive care units (ICUs).
Kidney disease was determined from the most recent stable serum creatinine level prior to this hospital admission, except in patients who were receiving dialysis. Abnormal kidney function was defined as a creatinine level of 130 μmol/L or greater (1.5 mg/dL) for men or 100 μmol/L or greater (1.1 mg/dL) for women not previously receiving dialysis. Cardiovascular disease was defined as New York Heart Association class IV symptoms. Immunosuppression was defined by the receipt of recent chemotherapy, radiation, high-dose or long-term steroid treatment, or presence of immunosuppressive disease.
Laboratory results available when captured for clinical care. Although specific laboratory cut-offs may vary, ranges for the following variables are generally considered normal: Pao2/Fio2 ratio ≥400; creatinine <1.2 mg/dL; platelets ≥150 ×109/L; and bilirubin <1.2 mg/dL.