Table 3. Secondary Analyses.
| Moderator | K | Hedges g (95% CI) | I2, % | P valuea | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Moderator | Contrast | ||||
| Sex | |||||
| Both males and females | 18 | −0.19 (−0.35 to −0.04) | 49 | .01 | .03 |
| Female | 3 | −0.90 (−2.26 to 0.45) | 64 | .10 | |
| Age, y | |||||
| <13 | 8 | −0.05 (−0.18 to 0.09) | 6 | .44 | .002 |
| ≥13 | 13 | −0.44 (−70 to −0.19) | 62 | .003 | |
| Health status | |||||
| Healthy | 9 | −0.09 (−0.18 to −0.00) | 0 | .05 | <.001 |
| Physical illness | 6 | −0.22 (−0.71 to 0.28) | 74 | .31 | |
| Mental illness | 6 | −0.74 (−1.01 to −0.47) | 0 | <.001 | |
| Depression diagnosis | |||||
| Yes | 5 | −0.75 (−1.09 to −0.41) | 0 | .004 | <.001 |
| No | 16 | −0.13 (−0.28 to 0.01) | 41 | .07 | |
| Monotherapy | |||||
| Yes | 17 | −0.33 (−0.55 to −0.11) | 63 | .006 | .39 |
| No | 4 | −0.16 (−0.68 to 0.35) | 71 | .38 | |
| Supervision | |||||
| Fully supervised | 16 | −0.17 (−0.33 to −0.02) | 44 | .03 | <.001 |
| Partially supervised | 3 | −0.20 (−1.01 to 0.61) | 44 | .40 | |
| Not supervised | 2 | −1.06 (−1.95 to −0.18) | 0 | .04 | |
| Control | |||||
| Usual care | 7 | −0.11 (−0.38 to 0.16) | 59 | .34 | .11 |
| No intervention | 9 | −0.50 (−0.87 to −0.13) | 67 | .01 | |
| Attention | 4 | −0.13 (−0.54 to 0.28) | 7 | .38 | |
| Waiting list | 1 | −0.34 (−0.91 to 0.23) | NA | .25 | |
| Study design | |||||
| RCT | 17 | −0.25 (−0.43 to −0.06) | 37 | .01 | .56 |
| NRCT | 4 | −0.42 (−1.31 to 0.47) | 81 | .23 | |
| Intention to treat | |||||
| Yes | 6 | −0.15 (−0.30 to 0.01) | 0 | .06 | .12 |
| No | 15 | −0.36 (−0.62 to −0.10) | 72 | .01 | |
| Frequency, d/wk | |||||
| 2 | 5 | −0.06 (−0.25 to 0.12) | 5 | .39 | .03 |
| 3 | 8 | −0.57 (−1.00 to −0.14) | 74 | .02 | |
| ≥4 | 8 | −0.19 (−0.43 to 0.04) | 51 | .09 | |
| Session, min | |||||
| <45 | 10 | −0.27 (−0.54 to −0.01) | 49 | .04 | .83 |
| ≥45 | 11 | −0.31 (−0.61 to −0.01) | 72 | .04 | |
| Duration, wk | |||||
| <12 | 9 | −0.58 (−0.96 to −0.20) | 59 | .008 | .01 |
| ≥12 | 12 | −0.12 (−0.27 to 0.02) | 37 | .08 | |
| Intensity | |||||
| Low to moderate | 7 | −0.41 (−0.89 to 0.08) | 67 | .09 | .65 |
| Vigorous | 10 | −0.13 (−0.31 to 0.04) | 41 | .11 | |
| Not reported | 4 | −0.53 (−1.32 to 0.25) | 75 | .12 | |
Abbreviations: NA, not applicable; NRCT, nonrandomized clinical trial; RCT, randomized clinical trial.
a
The moderator P value indicates the P value for the pooled estimate effect of the subgroup defined by the level of the moderator; the contrast P value indicates the P value of the effect of the moderator in the corresponding meta-regression.