Table 1. General Characteristics of Participants Overall and by Quintiles of HDL Cholesterol Level.
| Characteristic | No. (%) | P value | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Overall | Q1 | Q2-Q4 | Q5 | ||
| No. of participants | 16 264 | 4524 | 9080 | 2660 | |
| Participants with ≥1 fracture | 1659 (10) | 412 (9) | 907 (10) | 340 (13) | <.001 |
| Types of fracture | <.001 | ||||
| Minimal trauma fracture | 711 (4) | 167 (4) | 401 (4) | 143 (5) | |
| Other trauma fracture | 948 (6) | 245 (5) | 506 (6) | 197 (7) | |
| Age, mean (SD), y | 75 (4) | 75 (4) | 75 (4) | 76 (5) | <.001 |
| Sex | |||||
| Female | 8945 (55) | 2548 (56) | 4892 (54) | 1505 (57) | .006 |
| Male | 7319 (45) | 1976 (44) | 4188 (46) | 1155 (43) | |
| Low activitya | 1044 (6) | 382 (8) | 544 (6) | 118 (4) | <.001 |
| BMI, mean (SD)b | 28 (5) | 30 (5) | 28 (4) | 26 (4) | <.001 |
| Waist circumference, mean (SD), cm | 97 (13) | 101 (12) | 97 (12) | 92 (12) | <.001 |
| Current/former smoking | 7208 (44) | 1924 (43) | 3983 (44) | 1301 (49) | <.001 |
| Current alcohol use | 12 835 (79) | 3210 (71) | 7317 (81) | 2308 (87) | <.001 |
| Education, years of school | <.001 | ||||
| <12 y | 9955 (61) | 2960 (65) | 5479 (60) | 1516 (57) | |
| ≥12 y | 6308 (39) | 1564 (35) | 3601 (40) | 1143 (43) | |
| Hypertension | 12 196 (75) | 3602 (80) | 6674 (74) | 1920 (72) | <.001 |
| Chronic kidney disease (eGFR <60 mL/min) | 2873 (18) | 1029 (23) | 1487 (17) | 357 (14) | <.001 |
| Diabetes | 1588 (10) | 762 (17) | 690 (8) | 136 (5) | <.001 |
| Prefrail/frailc | 6229 (38) | 1836 (41) | 3399 (37) | 994 (37) | .001 |
| Taking trial medication | 8109 (50) | 2248 (50) | 4494 (50) | 1367 (51) | .22 |
| Antiosteoporosis medications | 1096 (7) | 245 (5) | 606 (7) | 245 (9) | <.001 |
| Cholesterol, mean (SD), mg/dL | |||||
| Total | 204 (38) | 192 (39) | 206 (36) | 219 (35) | <.001 |
| HDL | 61 (18) | 44 (7) | 62 (10) | 89 (15) | |
| Non-HDL | 143 (36) | 148 (38) | 144 (35) | 130 (34) | <.001 |
| Lipid-lowering medications | 5368 (35) | 1729 (39) | 2844 (33) | 795 (32) | <.001 |
Abbreviations: BMI, body mass index; eGFR, estimated glomerular filtration rate; HDL, high-density lipoprotein; Q, quintile.
SI conversion factor: To convert total, HDL, or non-HDL cholesterol to mmol/L, multiply by 0.0259.
a
Defined as walking outside for less than 30 minutes per day and reporting no participation in moderate/vigorous physical activity.
b
Calculated as weight in kilograms divided by height in meters squared.
c
Determined via modified Fried frailty phenotype, which defines frailty as the presence of weakness, slowness, exhaustion, low physical activity, and weight loss.