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. 2023 Jan 16;12(2):417. doi: 10.3390/foods12020417

Table 3.

Techno-functionality and physiochemical characteristics of the Huhu larvae and pupae protein extract powder suspensions.

HLPE HPPE
Colour L* 38.4 a ± 1.4 32.8 b ± 0.6
a* 4.0 a ± 0.4 4.3 a ± 0.1
b* 15.8 a ± 0.4 14.5 b ± 0.2
BI (browning index) 60.0 a ± 3.3 66.4 a ± 2.8
Water-holding capacity (WHC) (g/mL) 9.1 a ± 0.5 7.3 b ± 0.2
Oil-holding capacity (OHC) (g/mL) 7.9 a ± 0.8 5.1 b ± 0.9
Surface hydrophobicity 35.5 a ± 1.7 36.3 a ± 1.4
Polydispersity index (PDI) 0.5 a ± 0.0 0.6 a ± 0.1
Hydrodynamic diameter (dh, nm) 255.6 b ± 8.1 1078.7 a ± 22.2
Emulsion capacity (%) 82.2 a ± 1.9 77.8 a ± 4.8
Heat coagulation at pH 5 (%) 4.5 b ± 0.6 7.5 a ± 0.7
Heat coagulation at pH 7 (%) 17.6 a ± 3.6 10.5 b ± 2.3

All values are expressed as mean ± standard deviation (SD); n = 3. Means with different superscripts (a,b) within each row are significantly different (p < 0.05), as determined by the post hoc Tukey’s honestly significant difference (HSD) test.