Table 3.

Epidemiological studies examining the effect of dietary acrylamide exposure on urinary system cancer types.

Type of Cancer—Reference	Cases	Mean Dietary Acrylamide Intake	Risk
Prostate Cancer
Pelucchi et al. (2006) [63]	1294	25.59 µg/day (0.33 µg/kg bw/day)	na
Hogervorst et al. (2008) [106]	2246	22.4 µg/day (0.29 µg/kg bw/day)	na
Wilson et al. (2009) [107]	1489	43.8 ± 13.7 µg/day (0.54 ± 0.18 µg/kg bw/day) Hb-AA: 54.7 pmol/g globin	na
Larsson et al. (2009) [105]	2696	36.1 ± 9.6 μg/day	na
Hirvonen et al. (2010) [96]	799	21.9–55.7 μg/day	na
Pelucchi et al. (2011) [71]	7735	-	na
Wilson et al. (2012) [108]	5025	10.5–40.1 μg/day	na
Pelucchi et al. (2015) [72]	13,559	-	na
Perloy et al. (2018) [109]	948	22.9 μg/day	na
Ikeda et al. (2021) [110]	1195	6.40 μg/day	na
Filippini et al. (2022) [95]	-	23 μg/day	na
Bladder Cancer
Mucci et al. (2003) [97]	233	29.4 ± 0.9 μg/day	na
Hogervorst et al. (2008) [106]	1210	9.5–40.8 μg/day	na
Hirvonen et al. (2010) [96]	365	21.9–55.7 μg/day	na
Pelucchi et al. (2011) [71]	1473	-	na
Pelucchi et al. (2015) [72]	1838	-	na
Ikeda et al. (2021) [110]	392	6.40 μg/day	na
Filippini et al. (2022) [95]	-	23 μg/day	na
Renal Cancer
Mucci et al. (2003) [97]	133	28.4 ± 1.2 μg/day	na
Mucci et al. (2004) [111]	379	27.6 ± 0.7 μg/day	na
Pelucchi et al. (2007) [112]	767	37 μg/day (0.475 µg/kg bw/day)	na
Hogervorst et al. (2008) [106]	339	9.5–40.8 μg/day	A positive correlation was found between dietary acrylamide exposure and renal cancer.
Hirvonen et al. (2010) [96]	184	21.9–55.7 μg/day	na
Pelucchi et al. (2011) [71]	1618	-	na
Pelucchi et al. (2015) [72]	1802	-	na
Graff et al. (2018) [113]	629	Female: 15.8 μg/day Male: 21.7 μg/day	na
McCullough et al. (2019) [114]	412	22.6 μg/day	na
Jiang et al. (2020) [115]	2843	-	na
Ikeda et al. (2021) [110]	208	6.40 μg/day (0.12 µg/kg bw/day)	na
Filippini et al. (2022) [95]	-	23 μg/day	na

na: no association.