. 2023 Jan 14;12(2):405. doi: 10.3390/foods12020405

Table 1.

Values of pH, acidity (g lactic acid/g yogurt), and syneresis (%) of the control yogurt and yogurt with added tannins during storage and results of variance analysis with Duncan’s test (p = 0.05) performed between the tannins and the storage times.

	Tannin Addition	pH
	Tannin Addition	Day1	Day7	Day14	Day21	Significance
Control	-	4.28 ± 0.11 ^Aa	4.24 ± 0.04 ^Aab	4.18 ± 0.03 ^Abc	4.15 ± 0.01 ^Ac	**
ARB	0.50%	4.32 ± 0.05 ^Aa	4.19 ± 0.03 ^ABb	4.1 ± 0.04 ^ABc	4.01 ± 0.04 ^Bc	***
ARB	1%	4.27 ± 0.05 ^Aa	4.17 ± 0.02 ^ABb	4.07 ± 0.03 ^Bc	3.99 ± 0.02 ^Bd	***
C	0.50%	4.32 ± 0.04 ^Aa	4.22 ± 0.01 ^ABa	4.13 ± 0.03 ^ABb	4.01 ± 0.06 ^Bc	***
C	1%	4.31 ± 0.03 ^Aa	4.19 ± 0.02 ^ABb	4.06 ± 0.03 ^Bbc	3.87 ± 0.07 ^Cc	***
FNG/R	0.50%	4.28 ± 0.10 ^Aa	4.24 ± 0.04 ^ABa	4.14 ± 0.03 ^ABb	4.09 ± 0.08 ^ABc	***
FNG/R	1%	4.26 ± 0.06 ^Aa	4.21 ± 0.02 ^ABa	4.11 ± 0.02 ^ABc	4.03 ± 0.02 ^Bc	***
NN	0.50%	4.26 ± 0.04 ^Aa	4.24 ± 0.01 ^Ab	4.15 ± 0.02 ^ABc	4.07 ± 0.02 ^ABd	***
NN	1%	4.3 ± 0.07 ^Aa	4.15 ± 0.03 ^Bb	4.12 ± 0.02 ^ABc	4.04 ± 0.02 ^Bd	***
QF	0.50%	4.32 ± 0.04 ^Aa	4.23 ± 0.02 ^ABb	4.12 ± 0.02 ^ABc	4.06 ± 0.02 ^ABd	***
QF	1%	4.26 ± 0.03 ^Aa	4.21 ± 0.01 ^ABb	4.11 ± 0.02 ^ABc	4.00 ± 0.05 ^Bd	***
QS-SOL	0.50%	4.27 ± 0.05 ^Aa	4.18 ± 0.03 ^ABb	4.06 ± 0.05 ^Bc	4.03 ± 0.03 ^Bc	***
QS-SOL	1%	4.29 ± 0.03 ^Aa	4.21 ± 0.02 ^ABb	4.05 ± 0.05 ^Bc	4.01 ± 0.01 ^Bc	***
Significance		ns	**	***	***
	Tannin Addition	Acidity
	Tannin Addition	Day1	Day7	Day14	Day21	Significance
Control	-	0.61 ± 0.01 ^Id	0.71 ± 0.05 ^Fc	0.79 ± 0.03 ^Hb	0.87 ± 0.02 ^Ga	***
ARB	0.50%	0.75 ± 0.03 ^EFd	0.82 ± 0.03 ^Dc	0.89 ± 0.03 ^DEb	0.98 ± 0.01 ^EFa	***
ARB	1%	0.78 ± 0.04 ^BCd	0.84 ± 0.01 ^Cc	0.91 ± 0.05 ^Gb	1.04 ± 0.01 ^Ca	***
C	0.50%	0.79 ± 0.04 ^Bd	0.87 ± 0.01 ^Ec	0.95 ± 0.03 ^Bb	1.11 ± 0.04 ^Ba	***
C	1%	0.83 ± 0.01 ^Ad	0.93 ± 0.03 ^Bc	1.09 ± 0.02 ^Ab	1.19 ± 0.02 ^Aa	***
FNG/R	0.50%	0.70 ± 0.01 ^Hd	0.78 ± 0.03 ^Ac	0.84 ± 0.01 ^Gb	0.88 ± 0.01 ^Ga	***
FNG/R	1%	0.77 ± 0.01 ^CDEd	0.82 ± 0.03 ^Dc	0.86 ± 0.03 ^Fb	0.89 ± 0.00 ^Ga	***
NN	0.50%	0.77 ± 0.00 ^CDEd	0.84 ± 0.01 ^CDc	0.9 ± 0.03 ^CDEb	0.97 ± 0.03 ^EFa	***
NN	1%	0.77 ± 0.01 ^CDd	0.85 ± 0.03 ^Cc	0.94 ± 0.03 ^Bb	1.03 ± 0.03 ^CDa	***
QF	0.50%	0.72 ± 0.01 ^Gd	0.79 ± 0.03 ^Ec	0.83 ± 0.01 ^Gb	0.90 ± 0.04 ^Ga	***
QF	1%	0.77 ± 0.01 ^CDc	0.79 ± 0.06 ^Ec	0.9 ± 0.01 ^CDb	0.95 ± 0.02 ^Fa	***
QS-SOL	0.50%	0.73 ± 0.04 ^FGd	0.81 ± 0.02 ^Ec	0.88 ± 0.01 ^Eb	0.97 ± 0.02 ^EFa	***
QS-SOL	1%	0.76 ± 0.02 ^EDd	0.84 ± 0.02 ^CDc	0.91 ± 0.04 ^CDb	1.01 ± 0.01 ^EDa	***
Significance		***	***	***	***
	Tannin Addition	Syneresis
	Tannin Addition	Day1	Day7	Day14	Day21	Significance
Control	-	20.03 ± 0.76 ^Fa	19.07 ± 0.13 ^Hb	17.69 ± 0.05 ^Hc	16.70 ± 0.14 ^Id	***
ARB	0.50%	38.72 ± 0.44 ^Ea	37.30 ± 0.52 ^Ga	35.91 ± 0.88 ^Fc	33.42 ± 0.32 ^FGc	***
ARB	1%	41.76 ± 0.41 ^Ca	38.96 ± 0.22 ^Fb	37.49 ± 0.11 ^DEc	35.63 ± 0.02 ^Cd	***
C	0.50%	38.93 ± 0.97 ^Ea	37.53 ± 0.85 ^Gb	34.94 ± 0.69 ^Gc	33.1 ± 1.08 ^Gd	***
C	1%	43.43 ± 0.14 ^Ba	40.95 ± 0.44 ^BCb	39.83 ± 0.48 ^Bc	36.77 ± 0.31 ^Bd	***
FNG/R	0.50%	40.31 ± 0.48 ^Da	39.07 ± 0.28 ^EFb	36.6 ± 0.12 ^EFc	32.94 ± 0.39 ^GHd	***
FNG/R	1%	43.25 ± 0.50 ^Ba	41.51 ± 0.39 ^Bb	38.85 ± 0.12 ^Cc	36.05 ± 0.64 ^BCd	***
NN	0.50%	38.29 ± 0.51 ^Ea	37.10 ± 0.29 ^Ga	34.10 ± 0.71 ^Gb	32.10 ± 0.63 ^Hc	***
NN	1%	41.74 ± 0.14 ^Ca	40.35 ± 0.62 ^CDb	36.93 ± 0.2 ^Ec	34.26 ± 0.43 ^EFd	***
QF	0.50%	40.32 ± 0.35 ^Da	39.66 ± 0.32 ^DEFb	36.61 ± 0.06 ^EFc	34.66 ± 0.17 ^DFd	***
QF	1%	43.05 ± 0.25 ^Ba	40.92 ± 0.11 ^BCb	37.96 ± 0.71 ^Cdc	35.68 ± 0.12 ^Cd	***
QS-SOL	0.50%	41.75 ± 0.08 ^Ca	39.78 ± 0.58 ^DEb	37.12 ± 0.73 ^DEc	35.46 ± 0.16 ^CDd	***
QS-SOL	1%	44.87 ± 0.06 ^Aa	42.79 ± 0.311 ^Ab	41.26 ± 0.04 ^Ac	38.71 ± 0.01 ^Ad	***
Significance		***	***	***	***

The results are represented as means ± standard deviation; n = 3. Means followed by different lowercase letters indicate significant difference at p < 0.05 among tannins; means followed by different uppercase letters indicate significant difference at p < 0.05 between storage times; ** p < 0.01, *** p < 0.001, ns not significant.