Table 1. Descriptive statistics and average outcome measures across groups.

	Control	Intermediate	Advanced	Elite
n	44	42	41	31
Age (years)	48.4 ± 21.7	54.4 ± 18.1	51.5 ± 20.4	35.3 ±15.1
Age range (years)	19–86	22–87	18–84	20–66
Sex (F/M)	27/17	28/14	17/24	9/22
Physical Activity (minutes/week)	360 ± 335	238 ± 142	274 ±175	423 ± 207
Nationality (%)  North America  Europe  Oceania  Asia	84% 9% 0% 7%	90% 10% 0% 0%	71% 29% 0% 0%	29% 68% 3% 0%
Education (%)  < Secondary  Secondary  Post-Secondary  Post-Graduate  Did not answer	0% 27% 43% 27% 2%	0% 7% 40% 52% 0%	2% 15% 37% 44% 2%	0% 29% 35% 35% 0%
Employment Status (%)  Unemployed  Student  Employed *	2% 25% 73%	0% 5% 95%	0% 20% 80%	0% 39% 61%
Mode Range in Years of Orienteering Experience	N/A	6–10	20+	20+
NSQ Egocentric	3.1 ± 0.8	3.0 ± 0.7	3.7 ± 0.5	3.6 ± 0.6
NSQ Allocentric	3.2 ± 0.6	3.1 ± 0.6	3.6 ± 0.5	3.5 ± 0.6
NSQ Procedural	3.7 ± 0.5	3.4 ± 0.5	3.1 ± 0.5	2.8 ± 0.5
SAM Spatial	98.0 ± 12.2	98.5 ± 12.3	110.8 ± 9.6	112.2 ± 9.5
SAM Episodic	100.6 ± 12.6	96.2 ± 11.4	98.7 ± 15.4	97.1 ± 13.5

NSQ, Navigational Strategy Questionnaire; SAM, Survey of Autobiographical Memory. *Employed includes full-time (>40 hours/week), part-time (<40 hours/week), self-employed, or retired.

Values represent Mean ± SD.