Table 1.
Proximate composition (%) and Na content (mg/100 g) of Pd and Hs ingredients, and formulated beef patties.
| Moisture | Fat | Protein | Ash | Dietary Fiber | Na | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Pd | 6.0 ± 0.2 | 0.69 ± 0.02 | 25.6 ± 0.2 | 5.8 ± 0.4 | 28 ± 8 | 69 ± 13 |
| Hs | 5.18 ± 0.08 | 1.23 ± 0.01 | 8.4 ± 0.3 | 4.3 ± 0.1 | 70 ± 7 | 145 ± 4 |
| Control | 76.1 ± 0.4 d | 3.6 ± 0.3 | 18.1 ± 0.1 | 1.49 ± 0.03 a | ND | 311 ± 3 a,b |
| Pd5 | 72.6 ± 0.2 b | 3.0 ± 0.2 | 18.8 ± 0.7 | 1.5 ± 0.1 a | 1.2 ± 0.3 a | 335 ± 30 b |
| Hs2 | 74.9 ± 0.7 c | 4.0 ± 0.4 | 18.2 ± 0.2 | 1.52 ± 0.01 a | 1.3 ± 0.2 a | 335 ± 10 b |
| Hs5 | 72.9 ± 0.6 b | 3.9 ± 0.3 | 17.8 ± 0.3 | 1.84 ± 0.08 b,c | 3.2 ± 0.4 b,c | 284 ± 5 a |
| Pd5-Hs2 | 72.3 ± 0.6 b | 3.4 ± 0.7 | 18.41 ± 0.01 | 1.78 ± 0.01 b | 2.5 ± 0.4 b | 302 ± 2 a |
| Pd7.5-Hs2.5 | 70.53 ± 0.08 a | 3.6 ± 0.1 | 18.8 ± 0.1 | 1.95 ± 0.01 c | 3.5 ± 0.6 c | 299 ± 1 a |
Results are expressed as mean value ± standard deviation. ND: not detected. a–c Different letters in each column indicate significant differences (p < 0.05).