Table 1.

Definitions of the 14 benchmark functions.

No	Name	Range	D	fmin	Type
F1	Sphere	[−100, 100]	30	0	UM
F2	Schwefel 2.22	[−10, 10]	30	0	UM
F3	Schwefel 1.2	[−100, 100]	30	0	UM
F4	Schwefel 2.21	[−100, 100]	30	0	UM
F5	Rosenbrock	[−30, 30]	30	0	UM
F6	Step	[−100, 100]	30	0	UM
F7	Quartic	[−1.28, 1.28]	30	0	UM
F8	Schwefel	[−500, 500]	30	−12,569.487	MM
F9	Rastrigin	[−5.12, 5.12]	30	0	MM
F10	Ackley	[−32, 32]	30	0	MM
F11	Griewank	[−600, 600]	30	0	MM
F12	Penalized	[−50, 50]	30	0	MM
F13	Penalized 2	[−50, 50]	30	0	MM
F14	Foxholes	[−65.536, 65.536]	2	0.998004	MM