Table 2.

Parameter settings for each algorithm.

Algorithm	Parameters
ISMA	Z = 0.03
SMA	Z = 0.03
SOA	FC = 2, u = 1, v = 1
MFO	b = 1, $\epsilon$ = 0.001, g ∈ [0, 30], C ∈ [0, 100]
GWO	a ∈ [2, 0]
POA	I = 2, R = 0.2
ESMA	Z = 0.03
DFSMA	Z = 0.03