Table 12.

The std of fitness obtained by the algorithms for all images.

Images	d	ISMA	GWO	SOA	SMA	POA	MFO	× 10SMA	DFSMA
Lena	2	1.227 × 10−10	6.904 × 10	2.368 × 10−10	2.368 × 10−10	2.368 × 10−10	2.368 × 10−10	2.368 × 10−10	1.227 × 10−10
	3	0.000	9.720 × 102	2.949 × 104	2.960 × 10−10	2.960 × 10−10	2.960 × 10−10	0.000	0.000
	4	3.068 × 10−11	1.644 × 103	4.273 × 104	1.184 × 10−10	1.184 × 10−10	1.184 × 10−10	1.184 × 10−10	1.184 × 10−10
	5	3.068 × 10−11	2.522 × 103	2.942 × 104	8.880 × 10−11	8.771 × 10	9.163 × 10	3.068 × 10−11	3.068 × 10−11
Cameraman	2	1.184 × 10−10	1.184 × 10−10	1.184 × 10−10	1.184 × 10−10	1.184 × 10−10	1.184 × 10−10	1.227 × 10−10	1.227 × 10−10
	3	6.136 × 10−11	2.216 × 103	2.472 × 102	1.776 × 10−10	1.776 × 10−10	1.776 × 10−10	6.136 × 10−11	6.136 × 10−11
	4	0.000	9.009 × 102	1.732 × 104	2.368 × 10−10	2.368 × 10−10	2.368 × 10−10	0.000	0.000
	5	1.778 × 102	2.201 × 103	2.626 × 104	1.920 × 103	1.892 × 103	1.935 × 103	1.875 × 103	1.232 × 103
Butterfly	2	1.227 × 10−10	2.230 × 102	1.323 × 102	3.552 × 10−10	3.552 × 10−10	3.552 × 10−10	1.227 × 10−10	1.227 × 10−10
	3	6.136 × 10−11	2.518 × 102	1.034 × 104	1.206 × 10	1.776 × 10−10	1.400 × 10	6.136 × 10−11	6.136 × 10−11
	4	6.136 × 10−11	1.030 × 103	5.854 × 104	1.184 × 10−10	1.184 × 10−10	1.184 × 10−10	6.136 × 10−11	6.136 × 10−11
	5	4.658 × 10	2.343 × 103	4.496 × 104	6.780 × 10	4.936 × 10	1.159 × 102	8.012 × 10	5.252 × 10
Lake	2	0.000	1.377 × 102	9.821	3.552 × 10−10	3.552 × 10−10	3.552 × 10−10	3.552 × 10−10	0.000
	3	1.227 × 10−10	1.119 × 103	9.698 × 103	1.776 × 10−10	1.776 × 10−10	1.776 × 10−10	1.227 × 10−10	1.227 × 10−10
	4	0.000	5.207 × 103	4.114 × 104	2.960 × 10−10	2.960 × 10−10	2.960 × 10−10	0.000	0.000
	5	1.121 × 102	2.058 × 103	4.480 × 104	1.181 × 102	4.672 × 10	1.192 × 102	9.631 × 10	1.125 × 102
Barbara	2	0.000	1.184 × 10−10	5.490 × 102	1.184 × 10−10	1.184 × 10−10	1.184 × 10−10	0.000	0.000
	3	0.000	6.443 × 102	1.810 × 103	0.000	0.000	0.000	0.000	0.000
	4	0.000	1.028 × 103	3.237 × 103	0.000	0.000	0.000	6.136 × 10−11	6.136 × 10−11
	5	1.214 × 102	2.636 × 103	1.967 × 104	1.710 × 102	2.856 × 102	2.376 × 102	3.143 × 102	2.982 × 102
Columbia	2	1.184 × 10−10	1.184 × 10−10	2.308 × 102	1.184 × 10−10	1.184 × 10−10	1.184 × 10−10	1.227 × 10−10	1.227 × 10−10
	3	0.000	1.956 × 102	9.040 × 102	2.960 × 10−10	2.960 × 10−10	2.960 × 10−10	0.000	0.000
	4	0.000	2.857 × 102	3.020 × 104	2.368 × 10−10	3.086 × 10	3.086 × 10	0.000	0.000
	5	4.182 × 10	2.346 × 103	3.366 × 104	4.204 × 102	4.182 × 10	6.908 × 102	4.372 × 102	4.372 × 102
Milkdrop	2	0.000	0.000	6.849 × 102	0.000	0.000	0.000	0.000	0.000
	3	0.000	1.458 × 102	6.801 × 102	0.000	0.000	0.000	1.227 × 10−10	1.227 × 10−10
	4	4.747 × 10	3.207 × 103	3.095 × 103	1.567 × 103	1.261 × 103	1.429 × 103	1.997 × 103	1.307 × 103
	5	0.000	4.512 × 103	3.620 × 104	2.960 × 10−11	2.810	2.960 × 10−11	0.000	0.000
Man	2	1.184 × 10−10	1.184 × 10−10	3.175 × 102	1.184 × 10−10	1.184 × 10−10	1.184 × 10−10	1.227 × 10−10	1.227 × 10−10
	3	0.000	4.403 × 102	2.117 × 103	6.882	7.798	7.798	7.132	6.136 × 10−11
	4	6.136 × 10−11	2.104 × 103	2.069 × 104	8.880 × 10−11	8.880 × 10−11	1.128 × 103	6.136 × 10−11	6.136 × 10−11
	5	0.000	3.379 × 103	2.601 × 104	4.448 × 102	1.268 × 102	1.151 × 103	3.122 × 102	4.851 × 102