Figure 1.

Sample distribution. Modern (filled triangles) and historical (empty circles) wolf specimens sampled throughout the current (gray; [34,35]) and historical (red; [52,53]) species distribution in the Iberian Peninsula. Dotted line marks the Douro River, which has been used for delimiting management units in Spain. Modern wolf data corresponding to the southern part of the distribution (Sierra Morena) was obtained from [32]. Data from the literature without precise locality information were not included in the figure (three historical specimens from Spain and eleven modern wolves, six from Portugal and five from Spain, see Table 1 and Table 2).