Table 2.
Children’s lung function by sex and residential location.
| Mean (SD) (n = 383) |
Living Urban (n = 243) |
Living Suburban (n = 140) |
p-Value | (Urban—Suburban) Difference 1 Estimate (95% CI) |
Boy (n = 219) | Girl (n = 164) | p-Value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| FET, sec | 1.3 (0.6) | 1.4 ± 0.6 | 1.1 ± 0.3 | <0.0001 | 0.25 (0.05, 0.44) * | 1.3 ± 0.6 | 1.2 ± 0.5 | 0.002 |
| FEV6, L | 1.8 (0.5) | 1.9 ± 0.6 | 1.6 ± 0.3 | <0.0001 | 0.10 (−0.04, 0.25) | 1.9 ± 0.6 | 1.8 ± 0.4 | 0.052 |
| FEV3, L | 1.8 (0.5) | 1.9 ± 0.6 | 1.6 ± 0.3 | <0.0001 | 0.12 (−0.02, 0.26) | 1.9 ± 0.6 | 1.8 ± 0.4 | 0.082 |
| FEF25, L/sec | 3.2 (0.9) | 3.3 ± 1.0 | 3.0 ± 0.8 | 0.028 | 0.04 (−0.21, 0.30) | 3.2 ± 0.9 | 3.1 ± 1.0 | 0.075 |
| FEF50, L/sec | 2.5 (0.7) | 2.5 ± 0.8 | 2.4 ± 0.6 | 0.041 | −0.06 (−0.26, 0.14) | 2.5 ± 0.7 | 2.5 ± 0.8 | 0.678 |
| FIVC, L | 1.3 (0.6) | 1.4 ± 0.6 | 1.1 ± 0.5 | <0.0001 | 0.10 (−0.07, 0.26) | 1.3 ± 0.6 | 1.3 ± 0.5 | 0.682 |
| FIV1, L | 1.2 (0.5) | 1.3 ± 0.5 | 1.1 ± 0.5 | 0.003 | 0.01 (−0.14, 0.17) | 1.2 ± 0.6 | 1.2 ± 0.5 | 0.629 |
| FIV1/FIVC, % | 79.5 (28.1) | 80.9 ± 25.1 | 77.0 ± 32.7 | 0.014 | 0.03 (−8.91, 8.98) | 78.3 ± 30.3 | 81.0 ± 24.9 | 0.733 |
| FEV1/VC, % | 82.9 (21.2) | 80.3 ± 19.7 | 87.5 ± 23.0 | 0.004 | −13.70 (−20.72, −6.69) * | 83.8 ± 21.2 | 81.8 ± 21.2 | 0.749 |
| FEV3/FVC, % | 99.7 (3.7) | 99.7 ± 3.4 | 99.6 ± 4.2 | 1 | 1.15 (−0.39, 2.68) | 99.9 ± 1.6 | 99.4 ± 5.4 | 1.000 |
| EVC, L | 1.9 (1.2) | 2.1 ± 1.2 | 1.4 ± 1.1 | <0.0001 | 0.75 (0.35, 1.14) * | 1.8 ± 1.3 | 1.9 ± 1.2 | 0.317 |
| IC, L | 1.5 (0.9) | 1.6 ± 1.0 | 1.3 ± 0.7 | <0.0001 | 0.32 (0.02, 0.62) * | 1.5 ± 1.0 | 1.5 ± 0.8 | 0.833 |
| VC, L | 2.2 (0.9) | 2.3 ± 1.0 | 1.9 ± 0.7 | <0.0001 | 0.35 (0.04, 0.65) * | 2.2 ± 0.9 | 2.2 ± 0.9 | 0.789 |
| ERV, L | 0.4 (0.4) | 0.4 ± 0.4 | 0.4 ± 0.5 | 0.036 | 0.07 (−0.08, 0.22) | 0.4 ± 0.4 | 0.4 ± 0.5 | 0.116 |
| MVV, L/min | 41.0 (13.8) | 40.9 ± 14.9 | 41.1 ± 11.7 | 0.459 | −1.03 (−5.26, 3.19) | 41.2 ± 14.2 | 40.8 ± 13.3 | 0.238 |
* indicates the statistically significant difference, at a p value of 0.05. 1 Adjusted for age, sex, height, weight, father smoking, mother smoking, sleeping in their own room, sleeping in their own bed, household coal use, ventilation use when cooking, paternal occupation, maternal occupation, paternal education level, maternal education level, breastfeeding, paternal asthma, maternal asthma, paternal bronchitis, and maternal bronchitis. Italic numbers were statistically significant.