Table 2.
Summary of the psychometric assessment results (questionnaires).
| Questionnaire | Dimensions (Score Min–Max) | Group | Baseline | Post | Diff Base-Post |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| CFQ 11 | Physical fatigue (0–21) ††† | G-Nor | 6.8 ± 1.4 | 7.2 ± 1.1 | +0.4 |
| G-Con | 18.4 ± 2.4 ∆∆∆ | 17.8 ± 2.2 ∆∆∆ | −0.6 | ||
| G-Int | 17.8 ± 2.2 ∆∆∆ | 4.8 ± 4.1 °°°*** | −13 | ||
| Mental fatigue (0–12) ††† | G-Nor | 4 ± 0.4 | 4.3 ± 0.7 | +0.3 | |
| G-Con | 10.9 ± 1.5 ∆∆∆ | 10.6 ± 1.7 ∆∆∆ | −0.3 | ||
| G-Int | 10.4 ± 1.6 ∆∆∆ | 2.7 ± 3.1 °°°*** | −7.7 | ||
| HADS | Anxiety (0–21) † | G-Nor | 4.0 ± 2.4 | 3.3 ± 1.2 | −0.7 |
| G-Con | 12.9 ± 3.2 ∆∆∆ | 11.4 ± 3.5 ∆∆∆ | −1.5 | ||
| G-Int | 10.8 ± 3.5 ∆∆∆ | 7.2 ± 3.0 ∆∆°°*** | −3.6 | ||
| Depression (0–21) ††† | G-Nor | 2.0 ± 1.3 | 2.7 ± 1.6 | +0.7 | |
| G-Con | 12.5 ± 4.3 ∆∆∆ | 11.9 ± 4.6 ∆∆∆ | −0.6 | ||
| G-Int | 11.9 ± 2.7 ∆∆∆ | 6.7 ± 3.6 ∆°°°*** | −5.2 | ||
| mMRC | Dyspnea (0–4) | G-Nor | 0.2 ± 0.4 | 0.2 ± 0.4 | 0 |
| G-Con | 1.4 ± 0.7 ∆∆∆ | 1.2 ± 0.7 ∆∆∆ | −0.2 | ||
| G-Int | 1.5 ± 0.9 ∆∆∆ | 1.1 ± 0.7∆∆* | −0.4 | ||
| VAS Pain | Muscle and Joint (0–10) † | G-Nor | 1.7 ± 1.5 | 1.0 ± 1.1 | −0.7 |
| G-Con | 7.1 ± 1.4 ∆∆∆ | 6.8 ± 1.4 ∆∆∆ | −0.3 | ||
| G-Int | 6.4 ± 1.6 ∆∆∆ | 4.6 ± 2.2 ∆∆∆°°°** | −1.8 | ||
| Headaches (0–10) †† | G-Nor | 0.7 ± 1.0 | 0.3 ± 0.7 | −0.4 | |
| G-Con | 7.2 ± 1.7 ∆∆∆ | 6.5 ± 2.2 ∆∆∆ | −0.7 | ||
| G-Int | 5.3 ± 2.6 ∆∆∆ | 2.8 ± 1.7 ∆∆°°°*** | −2.5 | ||
| SSQ | Sleep quality (0–30) | G-Nor | 20.5 ± 3.1 | 22.1 ± 2.9 | +1.6 |
| G-Con | 14.0 ± 3.8 ∆∆∆ | 16.0 ± 3.1 ∆∆∆ | +2.0 | ||
| G-Int | 15.1 ± 3.8 ∆∆∆ | 18.5 ± 4.5 * | +3.4 | ||
| POMS | Tension-Anxiety (0–24) ††† | G-Nor | 4.8 ± 1.8 | 3.9 ± 2.6 | −0.9 |
| G-Con | 15.6 ± 4.1 ∆∆∆ | 15.6 ± 6.2 ∆∆∆ | 0 | ||
| G-Int | 13.2 ± 5.2 ∆∆∆ | 7.5 ± 4.8 °°°*** | −5.7 | ||
| Anger-Hostility (0–24) ††† | G-Nor | 2.8 ± 1.7 | 2.0 ± 1.7 | −0.8 | |
| G-Con | 11.9 ± 3.4 ∆∆∆ | 10.8 ± 6.1 ∆∆∆ | −1.1 | ||
| G-Int | 9.9 ± 5.9 ∆∆∆ | 4.5 ± 4.2 °°°*** | −5.4 | ||
| Fatigue-Inertia (0–20) ††† | G-Nor | 4.9 ± 3.5 | 3.3 ± 2.3 | −1.6 | |
| G-Con | 16.4 ± 3.3 ∆∆∆ | 16.2 ± 3.4 ∆∆∆ | −0.2 | ||
| G-Int | 14.6 ± 2.8 ∆∆∆ | 9.1 ± 3.6 ∆∆∆°°°*** | −5.5 | ||
| Depression-Dejection (0–28) †† | G-Nor | 1.1 ± 1.5 | 0.5 ± 0.5 | −0.6 | |
| G-Con | 14.0 ± 7.1 ∆∆∆ | 12.6 ± 8.2 ∆∆∆ | −1.4 | ||
| G-Int | 11.0 ± 6.4 ∆∆∆ | 5.8 ± 4.8 °°*** | −5.2 | ||
| Esteem-related affect (0–24) ††† | G-Nor | 18.4 ± 1.8 | 16.9 ± 2.8 | −1.5 | |
| G-Con | 9.0 ± 3.3 ∆∆∆ | 9.5 ± 3.6 ∆∆∆ | +0.5 | ||
| G-Int | 11.1 ± 3.4 ∆∆∆ | 13.9 ± 3.2 °°** | +2.8 | ||
| Vigor-Activity (0–20) | G-Nor | 14.5 ± 3.7 | 13.9 ± 3.5 | −0.6 | |
| G-Con | 4.3 ± 3.3 ∆∆∆ | 4.2 ± 2.3 ∆∆∆ | −0.1 | ||
| G-Int | 5.8 ± 1.8 ∆∆∆ | 7.1 ± 4.1 ∆∆∆ | +1.3 | ||
| Confusion-Bewilderment (0–24) ††† | G-Nor | 4.9 ± 2.6 | 3.1 ± 2.2 | −1.8 | |
| G-Con | 14.4 ± 3.1 ∆∆∆ | 14.2 ± 4.0 ∆∆∆ | −0.2 | ||
| G-Int | 13.7 ± 3.4 ∆∆∆ | 8.4 ± 3.2 ∆∆∆°°°*** | −5.3 | ||
| Total Mood Disturbance (−44–76) ††† | G-Nor | −14.2 ± 11.3 | −17.5 ± 14.0 | −3.3 | |
| G-Con | 58.9 ± 22.0 ∆∆∆ | 55.6 ± 30.3 ∆∆∆ | −3.3 | ||
| G-Int | 45.5 ± 22.8 ∆∆∆ | 14.2 ± 21.7 ∆∆°°°*** | −31.3 |
Notes: CFQ 11: Chalder Fatigue Scale; HADS: Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale; mMRC: Modified medical research council dyspnea scale; VAS Pain: Visual Analog Scale for pain; SSQ: Spiegel Sleep Questionnaire; POMS: Profile Of Mood States. † Significant time–group interaction (p < 0.05) †† Significant time–group interaction (p < 0.01) ††† Significant time–group interaction (p < 0.001); ∆ Significantly different from G-Nor (p < 0.05) ∆∆ Significantly different from G-Nor (p < 0.01) ∆∆∆ Significantly different from G-Nor (p < 0.001); °° Significantly different from G-Con (p < 0.01) °°° Significantly different from G-Con (p < 0.001); * Significantly different from Baseline (p < 0.05) ** Significantly different from Baseline (p < 0.01) *** Significantly different from Baseline (p < 0.001).