Table 1.
Homogeneity of the participants’ characteristics and dependent variables among groups (n = 70).
| Variables | Category | VRE (n = 23) | IBE (n = 24) | Control (n = 23) | X² or F * | p-Value |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| M (SD) or n (%) | M (SD) or n (%) | M (SD) or n (%) | ||||
| Age (years) | 47.74 ± 5.50 | 49.00 ± 6.77 | 48.26 ± 7.56 | 0.213 | 0.809 | |
| Marital status | Married | 20 (87.0) | 18 (75.0) | 17 (73.9) | ||
| Single | 2 (8.7) | 5 (20.8) | 4 (17.4) | |||
| Divorced | 0 | 0 | 1 (4.3) | |||
| Widowed | 1 (4.3) | 1 (4.2) | 1 (4.3) | 3.515 | 0.742 | |
| Education | Less than high school | 7 (30.4) | 9 (37.5) | 4 (17.4) | ||
| More than college | 16 (69.6) | 15 (62.5) | 19 (82.6) | 2.385 | 0.303 | |
| Employment | Yes | 17 (73.9) | 19 (79.2) | 15 (65.2) | ||
| No | 6 (26.1) | 5 (20.8) | 8 (34.8) | 1.175 | 0.556 | |
| Alcohol consumption | Yes | 12 (52.2) | 14 (58.3) | 14 (60.9) | ||
| No | 11 (47.8) | 10 (41.7) | 9 (39.1) | 0.376 | 0.829 | |
| BMI | 26.04 ± 2.25 | 25.07 ± 2.01 | 25.39 ± 1.67 | 1.449 | 0.242 | |
| Depression | 5.48 ± 4.50 | 5.92 ± 3.22 | 6.00 ± 2.84 | 0.141 | 0.869 | |
| Exercise fun (NRS) | 17.57 ± 8.78 | 21.42 ± 8.21 | 16.04 ± 9.55 | 2.309 | 0.107 | |
| Exercise immersion | 30.00 ± 7.20 | 32.54 ± 8.61 | 28.57 ± 8.41 | 1.454 | 0.241 | |
VRE: Virtual Reality Exercise Group. IBE: Indoor Bicycle Exercise Group. Control: Control Group. BMI (Body Mass Index). * ANOVA (Analysis of Variance).