Table 1.
Baseline characteristics of HIV-positive people reporting daily or more frequent opioid use included across all analyses, stratified by transitions onto OAT at any point during the follow-up period (2005–2017; N = 433)
| Characteristic | Total N = 433 N (%) |
Transitions onto OAT |
Odds ratio (95% CI) | p-value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Yes n = 209 48.3% n (%) |
No n = 224 51.7% n (%) |
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|
| |||||
| Median age (IQR) | 42 (36–49) | 40 (34–47) | 44 (37–51) | 0.58 (0.46–0.73) | <0.0001 |
| Gender | |||||
| Man | 246 (58.3) | 112 (54.6) | 134 (61.8) | 0.75 (0.51–1.10) | 0.1384 |
| Woman | 176 (41.7) | 93 (45.4) | 83 (38.2) | ||
| White ethnicity | |||||
| Yes | 221 (51.4) | 93 (44.7) | 128 (57.7) | 0.59 (0.41–0.87) | 0.0073 |
| No | 209 (48.6) | 115 (55.3) | 94 (42.3) | ||
| Education | |||||
| High school or greater | 179 (42.3) | 87 (42.4) | 92 (42.2) | 1.01 (0.69–1.49) | 0.9606 |
| Less than high school | 244 (57.7) | 118 (57.6) | 126 (57.8) | ||
| Incarcerationa | |||||
| Yes | 63 (14.6) | 36 (17.3) | 27 (12.1) | 1.52 (0.89–2.61) | 0.1268 |
| No | 368 (85.4) | 172 (82.7) | 196 (87.9) | ||
| Homelessnessa | |||||
| Yes | 142 (32.9) | 79 (38.0) | 63 (28.3) | 1.56 (1.04–2.33) | 0.0318 |
| No | 289 (67.1) | 129 (60.0) | 160 (71.7) | ||
| Regular employmenta | |||||
| Yes | 45 (10.4) | 20 (9.6) | 25 (11.2) | 0.84 (0.45–1.57) | 0.5877 |
| No | 388 (89.6) | 189 (90.4) | 199 (88.8) | ||
| Informal or illegal income generationa | |||||
| Yes | 254 (58.7) | 131 (62.7) | 123 (54.9) | 1.38 (0.94–2.03) | 0.1009 |
| No | 179 (41.3) | 78 (37.3) | 101 (45.1) | ||
| Public injectinga | |||||
| Yes | 192 (45.7) | 104 (51.2) | 88 (40.6) | 1.54 (1.05–2.27) | 0.0281 |
| No | 228 (54.3) | 99 (48.8) | 129 (59.4) | ||
| Binge drug usea | |||||
| Yes | 198 (47.0) | 86 (42.2) | 112 (51.6) | 0.68 (0.46–1.00) | 0.0520 |
| No | 223 (53.0) | 118 (57.8) | 105 (48.4) | ||
| Syringe sharinga | |||||
| Yes | 33 (7.9) | 15 (7.4) | 18 (8.4) | 0.87 (0.43–1.77) | 0.6987 |
| No | 386 (92.1) | 189 (92.6) | 197 (91.6) | ||
| Pipe sharinga | |||||
| Yes | 183 (43.3) | 91 (44.4) | 92 (42.4) | 1.09 (0.74–1.61) | 0.6498 |
| No | 240 (56.7) | 114 (55.6) | 126 (57.8) | ||
| Injecting alonea | |||||
| Yes | 300 (71.8) | 149 (73.4) | 151 (70.2) | 1.17 (0.76–1.79) | 0.4722 |
| No | 118 (28.2) | 54 (26.6) | 64 (29.8) | ||
| Median baseline CD4 cell count (IQR) | 340 (220–520) | 340 (230–480) | 340 (200–540) | 0.97 (0.90–1.06) | 0.9315 |
95% CI: 95% confidence interval, HIV: human immunodeficiency virus, IQR: interquartile range, OAT: opioid agonist therapy
a
Describes behaviours or exposures in the past 6 prior to interview