Table 1.
Comparative profile of the major depressive disorder, schizophrenia, and control groups.
| Variables | MDD | Schizophrenia | Control | P-value |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Number | 129 | 71 | 71 | – |
| Age (years)a | 40.5 ± 12.8 | 38.2 ± 9.9 | 41.4 ± 9.3 | 0.13b |
| Male/female | 69/60 | 38/33 | 38/33 | 1.0c |
| Body mass index (kg/m2)a | 22.6 ± 3.9 | 23.3 ± 3.9 | 23.2 ± 3.5 | 0.36b |
| Cortisol (µg/dL)a | 11.0 ± 4.9 | 13.2 ± 3.6 | 9.5 ± 2.6 | < 0.01b |
| IGF-1 (ng/mL)a | 160.0 ± 54.3 | 159.7 ± 49.6 | 137.9 ± 41.3 | < 0.01b |
| GAFa | 39.3 ± 12.2 | 30.7 ± 9.1 | – | < 0.01d |
| HAM-Da | 13.9 ± 8.4 | – | – | – |
| BPRSa | – | 33.6 ± 9.5 | – | – |
| Antidepressant drug use (%) | 86.1 | – | – | – |
| Imipramine equivalence (mg/day)a | 125.0 ± 83.8 | – | – | – |
| Antipsychotic drug use (%) | – | 100 | – | – |
| CP equivalence (mg/day)a | – | 627.8 ± 353.6 | – | – |
| Duration of illness (year)a | 5.4 ± 6.2 | 14.8 ± 8.4 | – | < 0.01d |
aData are expressed as means ± standard deviations.
bAnalysis of variance with Welch’s correction.
cChi-squared test.
dUnpaired t test.
MDD major depressive disorder, IGF-1 insulin-like growth factor 1, GAF Global Assessment of Functioning, HAM-D Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression, BPRS Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale, CP Chlorpromazine.