Fig. 2. Mendelian randomization estimates of the total effects of a one SD increase in cholesterol-containing lipoprotein and apolipoprotein concentrations.

Cells are coloured by the effect direction multiplied by -log₁₀(p value), with the point estimate (the mean difference or log odds ratio) provided for results with p values smaller than 0.05. The p values were truncated at 1 × 10⁻⁸ for display purposes. Analyses are based on a 33,029 subject meta-analysis of Kettunen¹⁵ and UCLEB²⁰. LDL-C low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, HDL-C high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, TG triglycerides, VLDL-C very-low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, IDL-C intermediate-density lipoprotein cholesterol, Rem-chol remnant-cholesterol, TC total cholesterol, Apo-B apolipoprotein-B, Apo-A1 apoliprotein-A1. CHD coronary heart disease, HF heart failure, AF atrial fibrillation, T2DM type 2 diabetes mellitus, CKD chronic kidney disease, IBD inflammatory bowel disease, CD Crohn’s disease, UC ulcerative colitis, ALS amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, MS multiple sclerosis, PBL primary biliary liver cirrhosis, DBP and SBP diastolic and systolic blood pressure, CRP c-reactive protein, HbA1c glycated haemoglobin, BUN blood urea nitrogen, eGFR estimated glomerular filtration rate, cIMT carotid artery intima media thickness.