Table 4.

Observational and interventional studies on the effect of vitamin K in muscle function from 2015

Study	Population	N	Duration	Supplementation	ucOCN	ucMGP	Serum VK levels	VK measure method	muscle outcome	other outcomes
Fulton et al., 2016 [95]	Patients with vascular disease <  = 70 years	80	6 months	100ug MK-7 daily	–	Yes	–	–	No difference in handgrip strength or SPPB	Decreased ucMGP
Shea et al., 2017 [96]	Older adults	401	3 years	500 ug/day VK1, 600 mg Ca and 400 IU vitD3	Yes	–	–	–	No difference in appendicular lean mass or total body fat mass	Decreased ucOCN
van Ballegooijen et al., 2018 [97]	Adults 55–65 years	633	14 years follow-up	–	–	Yes	–	–	Lower handgrip strength, smaller calf circumference, poorer functional performance in women with high ucMGP
Beaudart et al., 2019 [112]	Adults >  = 65 years	331	2 years follow-up	–	–	–	–	–	sarcopenia associated to less micronutrients (K, Mg, P, Fe, VK)
Shea et al., 2016 [94]	Older black and white adults with OA	1089	6 years follow-up	–	–	Yes	Yes	reversed-phase HPLC	Better SPPB and 20 m gait speed in higher VK1. Better SPPB and leg strength in lower plasma dp-ucMGP cross-sectionally

ucOCN undercarboxylated OCN, ucMGP undercarboxylated MGP