Table 1:
Regulating Factors | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Cell Behavior | IL-1β | TNFα | GM-CSF | MMP-9 | TGFβ |
Cardiomyocyte cell death | ↑ | ↑ | ↓ | ||
Neutrophil infiltration | ↑ | ↑ | ↓ | ||
Neutrophil removal | ↓ | ↓ | |||
Monocyte infiltration | ↑ | ↑ | |||
Monocyte removal | ↓ | ↓ | |||
Macrophage differentiation | ↑ | ↑ | |||
Macrophage proliferation | ↑ | ↑ | ↑ | ||
Macrophage removal | ↓ | ↓ | |||
Macrophage phagocytosis | ↓ | ↑ | ↑ | ||
IL-1β secretion by macrophages | ↓ | ||||
TNFα secretion by macrophages | ↓ | ||||
TGFβ secretion by macrophages | ↑ | ||||
Fibroblast proliferation | ↑ | ||||
TNFα secretion by fibroblasts | ↓ | ||||
MMP-9 secretion by fibroblasts | ↑ | ||||
TGFβ secretion by fibroblasts | ↑ | ||||
Pro-collagen secretion by fibroblasts | ↑ | ||||
Collagen maturation | ↓ |