Fig. 7.

a Cubic crystalline structure of perovskite solar cell, here the bulky cation A is typically the methylammonium ion (CH₃NH₃), the minor cation B is Pb, and the anion X is a halogen ion (typically I, but both Cl and Br), b typical structure of perovskite solar cell, c vacuum energy level for constituents’ active materials, d demonstration of electron transfer process in the perovskite solar cell and pictorial demonstration of EBIC process. Reprinted with permission from the Ref. [70]. e Photograph of textile substrate-based perovskite solar cell, f graphic interpretation of development process of perovskite solar cells through functionalized encapsulation, g device structure and cross-sectional SEM view of the fabricated device, h J–V graph of the textile substrate-based perovskite solar cell with respect to immersing time in water [71]