Figure 5.

Protocols of human retinal organoids

Overview of the culture systems for generating human retinal organoids. The schematic illustrates the timeline of retinal induction, differentiation, and maturation steps, outlining 2D and 3D stages, key supplements, and factors added to culture conditions across the published protocols. Abbreviations: hPSCs, human pluripotent stem cells; E8, Essential 8; E6, Essential 6; RA, retinoic acid; H, hour; DAPT, N-[N-(3,5-difluorophenacetyl)-l-alanyl]-S-phenyl glycine t-butyl ester) γ-secretase inhibitor; ✄, dissection/dislodgment.