Fig. 2.

(a) Schematic representation of photo crosslinking-based fabrication of PCLF–Graphene–CNT–MTAC scaffolds. SEM and AFM of the scaffolds confirms the rough surface possessing tubular and sheet-like structures suitable of cell adhesion. Immunofluorescence staining was performed for nerve growth factor-induced differentiation of PC12 nerve cells after 3 days on PCLF, PCLF-MTAC, PCLF–Graphene–CNT, and PCLF–Graphene–CNT–MTAC scaffolds presenting cellular F-actin (red), vinculin (green), and nuclei (blue). PCLF–Graphene–CNT–MTAC scaffolds showed improved neurite extension and nuclear elongation. Effect of ES on PC12 cells cultured on PCLF–Graphene–CNT–MTAC sheets and control TCP and PCLF substrates. ES was provided at 100 mV/mm−1 and 20 Hz for 2 h per day for a total of 7 days. Cellular growth was also found to be amplified for scaffold when compared to control or substrate after exposure to ES. Reproduced from Ref. [44]. (b) PU-based nanofibers wound dressings containing Malva sylvestris with different amounts of CMC. PU/CMC nanofibers showed no antibacterial activity against S. aureus, and E. coli. The antibacterial increased with increase in herbal extract against S. aureus and E. coli. Wound healing on an animal in each group on days zero, three, seven and 14 after treatment showed better healing than gauze covered wounds which can be due to the higher fluid absorption value of PU/CMC dressing compared to gauze bandage (320.5%) and bacteria barrier property. Reproduced from Ref. [47].