Table 2. Association Between NDI and Serum Proteome Signatures Defining 6 Biological Processes Among 786 African and European American Population Controlsa.
| Characteristic | Model statistics | R2, % | F 1,2 | RMSE | F statistic | P value | ANOVA β 95% CI)b | P value |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Model 1 (multivariate ANOVA) | ||||||||
| Wilk λ | 0.441 | NA | 66.0, 4120.3 | NA | 10.33 | <.001 | NA | NA |
| Pillai trace | 0.705 | NA | 66.0, 4.644.0 | NA | 9.37 | <.001 | NA | NA |
| Lawley-Hotelling trace | 0.967 | NA | 66.0, 4604.0 | NA | 11.24 | <.001 | NA | NA |
| Roy largest root | 0.556 | NA | 11.0, 774.0 | NA | 39.09 | <.001 | NA | NA |
| Pathways | ||||||||
| Autophagy | NA | 3.28 | NA | 0.496 | 2.388 | .007 | 0.032 (−0.015 to 0.080) | .176 |
| Chemotaxis | NA | 11.96 | NA | 0.351 | 9.555 | <.001 | 0.048 (0.015 0.081) | .005 |
| Inflammation | NA | 5.86 | NA | 0.353 | 4.378 | <.001 | 0.037 (0.003 to 0.070) | .031 |
| Promotion | NA | 9.90 | NA | 0.415 | 7.731 | <.001 | 0.03 (−0.008 to 0.071) | .118 |
| Suppression | NA | 11.12 | NA | 0.333 | 8.803 | <.001 | 0.038 (0.007 to 0.069) | .018 |
| Vasculature | NA | 11.86 | NA | 0.335 | 9.465 | <.001 | 0.026 (−0.005 to 0.058) | .104 |
| Model 2 (multivariate ANOVA) | ||||||||
| Wilk λ | 0.395 | NA | 114.0, 4388.4 | NA | 6.74 | <.001 | NA | NA |
| Pillai trace | 0.805 | NA | 114.0, 4596.0 | NA | 6.24 | <.001 | NA | NA |
| Lawley-Hotelling trace | 1.090 | NA | 114.0, 4556.0 | NA | 7.26 | <.001 | NA | NA |
| Roy largest root | 0.571 | NA | 766.00 | NA | 23.01 | <.001 | NA | NA |
| Pathways | ||||||||
| Autophagy | NA | 4.50 | NA | 0.496 | 1.890 | .012 | 0.027 (−0.025 to 0.079) | .306 |
| Chemotaxis | NA | 13.9 | NA | 0.349 | 6.501 | <.001 | 0.050 (0.013 to 0.086) | .008 |
| Inflammation | NA | 7.3 | NA | 0.352 | 3.189 | <.001 | 0.031 (−0.006 to 0.067) | .104 |
| Promotion | NA | 11.2 | NA | 0.415 | 5.067 | <.001 | 0.007 (−0.036 to 0.051) | .737 |
| Suppression | NA | 12.4 | NA | 0.332 | 5.726 | <.001 | 0.021 (−0.013 to 0.056) | .228 |
| Vasculature | NA | 13.0 | NA | 0.335 | 6.015 | <.001 | 0.024 (−0.012 to 0.059) | .189 |
Abbreviations: ANOVA, analysis of variance; NA, not applicable; NDI, national deprivation index; RMSE, root mean square error.
NDI was derived from principal components analysis using 2000 census tract for 4 dimensions of socioeconomic status: educational level, employment, occupation, and poverty, standardized to mean (SD) 0 (1). The index was operationalized as continuous (where higher scores indicate greater deprivation). Model 1 multiple ANOVA adjusted for age at study entry (continuous), aspirin use (yes/no), family history of prostate cancer (first-degree relatives, yes/no), diabetes (yes/no), body mass index at study entry (continuous), self-reported race (not included in stratified analyses, African American, European American), smoking status (current, former, never), and West African ancestry (continuous). Model 2 additionally adjusted for educational level (high school or less, some college, college, professional school, missing), individual income (<$10 000, $10 000-$29 999, $30 000-$59 999, $60 000-$90 000, >$90 000).
Represent estimates of each pathway modeled independently.