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. 2023 Jan 12;16(2):748. doi: 10.3390/ma16020748

Figure 4.

Figure 4

Normalized environmental impact indicators per 1 m2 of hull surface per year, disaggregated for each LCA stage: paint production, paint application, navigation, and disposal. Please refer to Table A2 in Appendix A for more details. Please note that both disposal stages for ADP values should be considered negative (impact reduction), while they should be considered positive for all other damage classes (impact growth). Due to the logarithmic scale, the values are reported as absolute.