Table 1.
Characteristics of the different types of liquid biopsies.
| Type of Liquid Biopsy |
Stability | Detection Method | Specificity | Sensitivity |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Circulating tumor DNA |
* | PCR, sequencing (various types); Nanomaterials-based ctDNA analysis; Electrochemical ctDNA detection; Surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) |
** | **** |
| Circulating tumor cells |
**** | Flow-cytometry; nano/micro magnetic particles; Microfluidics; mechanical filtration; Hydrodynamics; electrokinetics; acoustophoresis |
*** | ** |
| Tumor extracellular vesicles |
** | Centrifugation, density gradient; chromatography; fractionation immunoaffinity; lipidomics/mass spectrometry; flow cytometry; microfluidics; lateral-flow immunoassay (LFIA); nanoparticle tracking analysis (NTA) |
*** | *** |
| Circulating histones |
*** | ELISA, proteomics, Flow-cytometry |
*** | **** |
*—low; **—low to moderate; ***—moderate to high; ****—high.