Table 1.

Characteristics of studies evaluating vegan diets in cats.

Author	Signalment	Study Design	Sample Size	Diet Type	Duration of Feeding Diet	Comparator	Outcomes Assessed
Animal—Based Outcomes
Fantinati et al., 2021 [30]	2-year-old male neutered Main Coon and a 1-year-old female spayed Domestic Shorthair cat,	Case Report	2	Commercial plant-based pet food	5 mo	N/A	Clinical examination Body condition Blood hematology/biochemistry Folate (vitamin B9) Taurine Thiamine iron and serum ammonia Food intake
Leon et al., 1992 [29]	M, F	Randomized controlled trial	5	High protein vegetarian diet	6 weeks	Compared vegetarian diet versus vegetarian diet with potassium supplementation	Clinical examination Body weight Blood biochemistry Erythrocyte transketolase activity Taurine Glutamine Potassium levels
Semp 2014 [27]	Not stated	Cross-sectional	15	Commercial or homemade vegan diet	Average 3.9 years, range 6 mo- 6.5 years	N/A	Clinical examination Blood haematology/biochemistry Folate Cobalamin (Vitamin B12)
Wakefield et al., 2006 [28]	M,F Average age = 6.6 ±4.4	Cross-sectional	17	Home-prepared vegetarian diet with majority using a commercially available supplement	Average 4.4 ±3.4 years	Standard lab reference ranges	Taurine Cobalamin (Vitamin B12)
Guardian—Reported Outcomes
Dodd et al., 2021 [31]	M,F Mean age 7.5 ± 4.85 Mixed breeds: DSH = 660 DMH = 60 DLH = 95 Asian = 50 American = 35 Other/unknown = 154	Survey study- cross sectional of cat guardians	1325 guardians 1026 cats	Most cats had a meat-based diet n = 65%, 18% Plant Based diet, 6.7% combination. 10% indeterminable. Supplements fed to 19% being more often used when cats had PB diet (40%)	Average 3.6 years for both diets	Responses of owners feeding meat-based diet compared with plant-based diet	Body Condition Fecal Score Health Conditions Guardian’s perception of health Lifespan (indicated for previously owned cats)
Knight and Satchell 2021 [26]	Various, unspecified	Cross sectional survey	Guardian reports on 1135 cats	Conventional meat diet, raw meat or vegan pet food			Guardian reported palatability/feeding behavior
Semp 2014 [27]	Various, unspecified	Cross sectional survey	59 cat guardians	Commercial vegan food or self-prepared vegan diet	Average of 3.9 years	N/A	Guardian reported health
Wakefield et al., 2006 [28]	M,F Mean age 7 years	Cross sectional telephone survey	Vegetarian diet = 34 Meat-based diet = 52	Home-made vegetarian diet and conventional meat-based diet	At least 1 year	N/A	Guardian reported body condition and perceived health status

MF: male, female.